1. History of School-Based Law Enforcement History of School-Based Law Enforcement

2. Presenter - Instructor George D. Little, Director ICJSGeorge D. Little, Director ICJS Law Enforcement Qualifications 39-years in LE & CP Experience (Jan 2011 – 40 years) 4-College degrees 1-additional pending (Masters in CT) Master Peace Officer license Certified Crime Prevention Specialist TCLEOSE Certified Instructor 19-years working as an SRO/D.A.R.E. Officer in schools Current or former LE Affiliation Deputy Chief PCT 4 (BCCO) INTEL,CT and Training) Department of Justice TWG School Safety & Security Retired U.S. Army MP 1SG/E-8 (ABN) 20-years honorable service Retired Bexar County Deputy Sheriff (Due to Injuries – hit by car) Contact Info: (gl20@txstate.edu) Cell: (210) 379-4919 Office: (512) 245-6233

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1.Participant will learn (acquire knowledge) and explain the origins and history of Law Enforcement related to working in a school environment. 2.Participant will be able to define and explain the terms SBLE and SBLE Officer 3.Participant will be enabled to explain what we are finding in our schools today. 4.Participant will be enabled to explain the role of a School-Based Law Enforcement Officer in our schools today. 5.Participant will be able enabled to understand and explain basic law enforcement philosophy of P.I.E. (Prevention – Intervention & Enforcement) as it pertains to their role as an SBLE Officer. 6.Participant will be enable to understand and practice positive and effective trends to reduce criminal violations.

4. 1950’s Officer Friendly Flint, Michigan, 1958 first time police assigned to visit schools Community had a positive attitude towards police 1960’s undercover officers & beginning of School Police Tucson, Arizona, 1963 – goal improve relations Saginaw, Michigan, 1966 – more than one school Cincinnati, Ohio, 1969 – minimal LE activity, education focus MOD Squad (Pete, Julie & Link – TV Series) Learning Objective #1 History of School-Based Law Enforcement

5. 1970’s & 1980’s Expansion School Liaison Officers & Law-related education 1969 Dallas ISD began with security guards and established Police Department in 2003 1971 Clark County Police Department founded 1990’s D.A.R.E. other prevention education programs started to appear in schools (D.A.R.E. was developed and delivered in 1993, one of the first programs of its king in the United States) 2000’s ISD Police & SRO’s 2003 Dallas ISD established Police Department The Future – SBLE officers Learning Objective #1 –Cont’d History of School-Based Law Enforcement

6. SBLESBLESBLE refers to School-Based Law Enforcement, simply put it is law enforcement officers working in; Elementary, Middle (Intermediate), High Schools and includes Junior Colleges, Colleges and/or Universities campuses. SBLE Officerany law enforcement officerSBLE Officer (Today) is any law enforcement officer (certified Texas and TCLEOSE licensed peace officer) to include (State licensed Security Officers) that are assigned to work on any school or college/University campus as explain (defined) previously. (Including but not necessarily limited to: ISD-PD, College/University PD, and/or Deputy Sheriff, Deputy Constable or any City or Municipal Police Officer such as SRO, G.R.E.A.T., D.A.R.E. or Community Policing Officer within he State of Texas). Learning Objective #2 Define SBLE and SBLE Officer

7. Active Threats: Rage/violence incidents Gang violence Kids bringing guns and other prohibited items to school Simple assaults (fighting) to aggravated assaults Bullying Bomb Threats Learning Objective #3 Learning Objective #3 Our Schools Today

8. Active Threats: Rage/violence incidents – Continued: Narcotic and other Dangerous Incidents Active Threats to our Teachers (Assaults & Stabbings) Teen Suicide Learning Objective #3 Learning Objective #3 Our Schools Today

9. Active Shooter Threats Columbine (April 1999) Northern Illinois University (Feb 2008) University of Alabama - Huntsville (Feb 2010) Community Policing, SLO’s to SRO’s and now to SBLE’s a strong law enforcement presence. Schools mirror society as kids mirror their parents.

10. Learning Objective #3 - Cont In Learning Objective #3 - Cont In Our Schools Today Active Threats: Rage/violence incidents Gang violence Kids bringing guns and other prohibited items to school Simple assaults (fighting) to aggravated assaults Bullying Bomb Threats Active Threats to our Teachers (Assaults & Stabbings) Narcotic and other Dangerous Drug Threats Teen Suicides Active Shooter Threats Columbine (April 1999) Northern Illinois University (Feb 2008) University Alabama – Huntsville (Feb 2010) Community Policing, SLO’s to SRO’s and now to SBLE’s a strong law enforcement presence. Schools mirror society

11. Build healthy positive relationships prevention interventionProvide useful prevention and intervention strategies for students, parents and educators Teach positive decision-making skills Provide a safe school learning environment EnforcementDisciplineEnforcement verses Discipline Learning Objective #4 Law Enforcement Officers Role In Schools

12. Learning Objective #4 - Cont Law Enforcement Officers Role In Schools LE comes when called School decides when to call Emergency Planning w/o LE involvement LE role limited to enforcement not discipline School see LE involvement as failure SBLE officers assigned to campus SBLE officer helps decide priorities SBLE Officers involved in Assessments & EOP’s P.I.ESBLE’s do P.I.E School officials welcome SBLE officers as part of solution OLD SCHOOL Verses NEW SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS

13. Learning Objective #5 P.I.E. (Role of an SBLE Officer) Prevention (Detect and/or Deter Threat) Intervention (Delay and/or Deter Threat) Enforcement (Deter and/or respond to threat)

14. Learning Objective #5 (Law Enforcement Philosophy) Law enforcement presence Prevention – proactive response to threat Problem-solving strategies Intervention – passive (intermediate) response to threat Problem-oriented policing Enforcement – reactive force response to Threat

15. Learning Objective #5 - Cont (Prevention) Maintain a visible presence on campus Model professional law enforcement standards Provide education programs including Conflict, Resolution, and other initiatives (Diversion from Juvenile Justice Intake system) Provide staff in-service on public safety issues Provide parent programs Provide community crime prevention assistance CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) Conduct & Assist with safety exercises and drills

16. Learning Objective #5 - Cont (Intervention) Build positive relationships with students, school staff & parents (INTEL) Be responsive and alert to student needs Bridge school and community services Work closely with school staff and alternative intervention programs Refer students and parents to counselors Participate in School Safety Assessment Member of Emergency Operations Team and School Safety TEAM

17. Learning Objective #5 - Cont (Enforcement) Necessity (Last resort to protect human life and/or destruction of Property) assist Discipline is Principal’s & Staffs responsibility, however SBLE Office can assist not enforce. criminal Document and address all criminal violations due process Provide due process for victims and suspects Provide emergency law enforcement services to imminent threatening and dangerous situations Participate on Active Shooter Team engage and limit threat from costing human life (Time = Life)

18. Learning Objective #6 (New Trends) School & Community are ONE SBLE opportunity for good PR with youth and is Proactive vs. Reactive School Officials and SBLE officers need each other and should work together as a TEAM. Keep Kids In SchoolAlternatives to student referrals to (Diversion from) Juvenile Justice System and Out-Of- School Suspensions ‘ “Keep Kids In School” initiatives in lieu of strict enforcement. Safe Schools are Learning Schools

19. QUESTIONS

20. School-Based Law Enforcement Holistic Training Plan & Concept An ICJS – TxSSC Initiative First of it’s kind Any where in the country

21. TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program - Overview Phase I 40-hour Basic SBLE Certification Course, TCLEOSE #3952 (Completed) 40-hour Intermediate SBLE Certification Course, TCLEOSE #3953 (Completed) 40-hour Advanced SBLE Certification Course, TCLEOSE #3954 (Pending) 90-hour Masters SBLE Certification Course, TCLEOSE # 3955 (Pending)

22. TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued Phase II 40-hour Basic SBLE Supervisor Course Part I, (Pending) 40-hour Basic SBLE Supervisor Course Part II, (Pending) Phase III 24 to 32-hour SBLE Executive Administrative Management Course (Pending)

23. TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued Phase IV SBLE School Staff Course (Pending) Taught by SBLE Officer At school staff meeting and at other staff development opportunities Safety and Security lessons How to survive a hostage situation. Recognition signs of potential violence Role of SBLE Officer School Safety Team INTEL (collecting and passing of INTEL)….More

24. TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued Phase V Student Lessons (Pending) Taught by SBLE Officer At school during health class and/or at other designated class times as determined by principal. Safety and Security lessons Drug Awareness Bullying Gang Awareness ( And more………)

25. TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued Phase VI Parent Lessons (Pending) Taught by SBLE Officer After school or at PTA/PTO meetings. Safety and Security lessons Drug Awareness Drug Intervention & Prevention Strategies Bullying & Cyber-Bullying (Internet Safety) Intervention and Prevention Teenage Suicide Gang Awareness (Intervention & Prevention) And more………

26. TxSSC-ICJS SBLE Officer Training Program – Overview - Continued Phase VII On-Line Learning & DVD’s For SBLE Officers (DVD LE Agencies) For School Staffs Students and Parents Latest Crime Prevention Strategies Latest Intervention & Prevention Strategies Reinforcement Lessons (Enhance skill levels and reduce potential liabilities) And more………

27. DEFINE & PROCESS Explain the origins and history of Law Enforcement related to working in a school environment. Define and explain the terms SBLE and SBLE Officer. Explain what we are finding in our schools today. Explain (define) the role of a School-Based Law Enforcement Officer in our schools today. Explain the basic law enforcement philosophy of P.I.E. (Prevention – Intervention & Enforcement) as it pertains to their role as an SBLE Officer. What is Prevention? What is Intervention? What is Enforcement? What are some positive and effective trends to reduce criminal violations.

28. SOURCES The National Campaign to Prevent School Violence. (August 20, 2004). News Reports School Crime and Safety: 2007. National Center for Education Statistics. United States Secret Service Safe Schools Initiative (October 2000) (NIJ/OJP/DOJ Publication No. 170612). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Justice (1999). 1999 Annual Report on School Safety.

29. Course Contact Information Institute for Criminal Justice Studies (ICJS) Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC) 350 N. Guadalupe, Suite 140, PMB 164 San Marcos, Texas 78666. www.txssc.txstate.edu/LE 877-304-2727 www.txssc.txstate.edu/LE