1. The European Strategic Safety Initiative the key partnership to enhance Commercial aviation, Helicopter and General Aviation safety in Europe
John Vincent
Head of Safety Analysis & Research, EASA
Michel Masson
Safety Action Coordinator, EASA
Clement Audard
Safety support Action Coordinator, EASA
Aug. 2008
EASA, Cologne

2. ESSI European Strategic Safety Initiative (ESSI)
10 year programme ( ) aimed at improving aviation safety in Europe, and for the European citizen worldwide
Partnership, with more than 150 organisations
Powered by industry and facilitated by EASA

3. ESSI in line with the ICAO Global Aviation Safety Roadmap
ICAO GASRM
Frame of reference for stakeholders, including States, regulators, airline operators, airports, aircraft manufacturers, pilot associations, safety organisations and air traffic service providers
To improve coordination and sharing
To minimise duplication
Downloadable for instance from the IATA website:
The Global Aviation Safety Road Map has been developed in 2006 for ICAO by the Industry Safety Strategy Group (ISSG) under the leadership of IATA in cooperation with Airbus, Airports Council International (ACI), Boeing, Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO), International Federation of Air Pilots’ Associations (IFALPA) and Flight Safety Foundation.
The safety roadmap provides a reference framework for all stakeholders, including States, regulators, operators, airports, manufactures, professional organisations, safety organisations and air traffic service providers, to guide and coordinate safety policies and initiatives worldwide. This framework ensures oversight of the progress towards safety standards and maximises the use of resources by better coordinating safety strategies and avoiding duplication of efforts worldwide.
The ESSI naturally fits into this safety roadmap, as it provides a mechanism for coordinating safety initiatives within Europe and between Europe and the rest of the world, seeking for global alignment and minimising duplication of efforts across stakeholders. Both fits well, in a timely manner, and have a similar 10 to 15 years temporal horizon

4. ESSI link to ICAO Global Aviation Safety Roadmap
ICAO Focus area 5a:
Design and build on existing regional mechanisms in order to foster consistency.
ICAO Focus area 5b:
Assign priority of action to regions in need on the basis of risk assessment.
ICAO Focus area 7a:
ICAO SMS standard published. Confirm need for formal (mandate) SMS across all sectors and disciplines of the industry.
ICAO Focus area 10b
Coordinate and share safety strategies, seeking to achieve alignment and minimize duplication.

5. ESSI One of the Major Safety Teams worldwide
CAST
PAAST
COSCAP
CIS
ESSI
COSCAP
Gulf States
COSCAP
North Asia South Asia Southeast Asia
COSCAP
BAG,
CEMAC,
UEMOA
EASA has begun to build up the European Strategic Safety Initiative (ESSI) in 2005 during the JAA-EASA transition period.
The ESSI foundation meeting took place on 27 April 2006 and the JSSI-ESSI handover was performed on 28 June 2006.
COSCAP: Cooperative Development of Operational Safety and Continuing Airworthiness team under the ICAO Technical Co-Operation Programme.
BAG: Banjul Accord Group
CAST: US Commercial Aviation Safety Team:
PAAST: Pan American Aviation Safety Team
The Middle East Aviation Safety Summit took place in Abu Dhabi on Jan 08. At the summit it was decided to establish a Middle East Safety Team, in line with recommendations of the Global Aviation Safety Roadmap. According to the UAE General Civil Aviation Authority, the issues to be addressed include the chronic shortage of aviation professionals and the rapid growth of aviation in the region.
Africa
COSCAP Bangul Accord Group COSCAP Communate Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC) COSCAP Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)
Asia/Pacific
Cooperative Development of Operational Safety and Continuing Airworthiness Program (COSCAP). Operating under ICAO, they include:
COSCAP North Asia COSCAP South Asia COSCAP Southeast Asia
Central/South America
Pan American Aviation Safety Team (PAAST)
Middle East
COSCAP Gulf States
Russia
COSCAP Commonwealth of Independent States
We must make one final point. Cooperative safety partnerships built on the CAST model are now emerging and flourishing around the world. We are excited by the possibilities this brings towards worldwide safety improvement. We encourage everyone to strongly support these worthwhile initiatives.

6. EASA Member States EU IS
FIN NO SE
Iceland and Norway participate to EASA’s activities since 1st June 2005, Switzerland since 1st December 2006.
23 official langages EE LV DK LT IR RU BY RU UK NL PL BE UA DE L CZ SK MD A FR CH HU RO SI CR BA SB MC BG IT P E MK TR AL EL DZ MT CY MA TN

7. ESSI Distribution of traffic 2000 - 2007
Distribution of all airline transport operations (scheduled traffic)
Source: ICAO

8. ESSI Historical development of worldwide safety 1945 - 2007
Passenger fatalities per 100 million passenger miles, scheduled public transport operations, excluding acts of unlawful interference
Annual Safety Review 2007

9. ESSI Historical development of worldwide safety 1988 - 2007
Rate of accidents involving passenger fatalities per flights, scheduled operations, aeroplanes, excluding acts of unlawful interference

10. ESSI Europe fatal accident - EU27 plus 4

11. Represents high-level commitment Signatory organisations are:
ESSI/ECAST Pledge
Represents high-level commitment
Signatory organisations are:
Equal partners within the ESSI
Provide, in partnership, reasonable resources to ensure that the ESSI be effective, and
Take reasonable actions as a result of ESSI recommendations, guidance and solutions in the ESSI area(s) in which they participate

12. European Commercial Aviation Safety Team ECAST
Focus on the ECAST.

13. ESSI/ECAST Pledges registered
Airbus S.A.S.
Aircraft Engineers International (AEI)
Alenia Aeronautic S.pA.
Boeing Commercial Airplanes
Civil Aviation Authority UK
DGAC France
Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
Embraer - Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica
Ente Nazionale Aviazione Civile Italy
European Transport Safety Council
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
Federal Office of Civil Aviation Switzerland
Fokker
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
International Federation of Airworthiness (IFA)
National Aerospace Laboratory (NLR)
Rolls-Royce plc More than 50 member and partner organisations in total

14. COMMERCIAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
COORDINATION GROUP
ECAST
COMMERCIAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
ECAST
COMMERCIAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
EHEST
HELICOPTER SAFETY TEAM
EGAST
GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
WORKING
GROUPS
WORKING
GROUPS
WORKING GROUPS
International
Partners
International
Partners
International
Partners

15. ECAST Introduction Regulators-industry partnership, sealed by a pledge
Co chaired by IATA and EASA
Coordinates with:
US Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST)
COSCAP under the ICAO Technical Co-Operation Programme
EUROCONTROL European Safety Program (ESP)
Flight Safety Foundation Runway Safety Initiative (RSI)
Has defined and enacts a new safety improvement process
US CAST: Commercial Aviation Safety Team:
COSCAP: Cooperative Development of Operational Safety and Continuing Airworthiness team under the ICAO Technical Co-Operation Programme.
EUROCONTROL European Safety Program:
The Runway Safety Initiative was launched by Flight Safety Foundation on Feb 2007 to reduce the risks of runway excursions, incursions and confusions worldwide.
See for instance:

16. ECAST Monitors JSSI actions plans
ECAST Monitors JSSI actions plans adapted from CAST
CFIT, ALAR, LoC
Current status: 23 APs; 20 Complete; 3 Underway
actions:
Survey of Action Plans with NAAs: completed
Survey of Action Plans with airlines: completed

17. ECAST CAST “Remaining Risks” action plans
Several Level 1 subjects:
Cargo
Icing
Maintenance/Systems
Mid Air
Turbulence
Runway incursion
Decision to adopt and adapt these RR plans to Europe is being considered by the Analysis Team.

18. New ECAST Process – 3 PhasesM U N I A T
Phase 1.
Identify and Select Safety Priorities C O R D I N A T
Phase 2.
Analyse Safety Issues
ECAST Process:
Phase 1: Identify and select safety priorities
Phase 2: Analyse the safety issues selected in Phase 1 to determine interventions.
Phase 3: Develop, implement and monitor actions plans aimed at reducing identified risks.
Communication and Coordination are parallel processes of primary importance.
Program reviews will be conducted every five years.
Phase 3.
Develop, Implement, and Monitor Actions Plans
Programme Reviews – 2012 and 2017

19. ECAST Phase 1 (2006-2007) Objective Aim
Identify areas ECAST should further analyse (Phase 2) in view of initiating safety enhancement activities (Phase 3)
Aim
Identify top priority work areas for ECAST

20. ECAST Phase 1 (2006-2007) Methodology
Identification of 18 Priority Areas
List of priorities sent by the ECAST organisations
Grouped through an affinity exercise
Prioritisation by each ECAST AT organisation
Free use of internal and external data sources
In house expertise
Consolidation into a agreed list
50 votes method

21. ECAST Prioritisation Criteria
Safety Importance
Coverage
High level Costs benefits considerations
In line with the Global Aviation Safety Road Map, to avoid duplication priority is modified when topics are already covered. In such case, coordination is recommended. The ECAST priorities list therefore is not a list of major safety issues in Europe.

22. ECAST Work Priorities for 2008
1. ECAST Ground Safety WG
ECAST WG on Ground Safety launched 2nd part of 2008
2. Runway Safety
Through coordination with the Flight Safety Foundation Runway Safety Initiative (RSI)
3.ECAST SMS / Safety Culture WG
WG on Safety Management in cooperation with EASA Rulemaking
1. Ground Safety
2. Runway Safety
3. SMS & Safety Culture
4. Flight Crew Performance
5. Loss of Control (General)
6. Approach & Landing
7. Aviation System Complexity
8. Fire, Smoke and Fumes
9. Air-Ground Communications
10. Mid Air Collision
11. CFIT
12. Icing
13. Bird Strike
14. Loss of Control (Weight & Balance)
15. Air Navigation
16. Airworthiness (Maintenance & Design)
17. Maintenance (HF)
18. Automation
ECAST work prioritisation criteria: Safety importance, coverage and high level CBA considerations.
In line with the Global Aviation Safety Road Map, to avoid duplication priority is modified when topics are already covered.
In such case, coordination is recommended
At its meeting of 15 November 2007 the ECAST plenary endorsed the recommendation to establish the SMS/Safety Culture Working Group

23. ECAST SMS: Parallel development ICAO and EASA Rulemaking
ICAO (Annexes 1, 6, 8, 11, 13 and 14) on SMS:
State Safety Programme
SMS for organisations
EASA Essential Requirements (ERs) in Regulation (EC) No 216/2008
Implementing Rules (IRs) and AMCs are being prepared by EASA Rulemaking
NPA and NPA consultation 3rd quarter 2008

24. ECAST SMS WG And the regulatory framework
Basic Regulation
216/2008
EASA IRs
Management Systems (incl. Safety)
Authority Requirements
AMCs MS for Organisations
AMC1 MS.B.001(a)(2) SAFETY RISK MGT
AMC1 MS.B.001(a)(4) SMS ORGANISATION
ICAO
Annex 6 amdt 30 +
States Safety Letter
Safety Management Manual
One IR on Management Systems (not only on SMS) and one on Authority Requirements, which will provide for legal grounds facilitating the drafting of a “Community Safety Program”.
The ECAST SMS WG will develop support materials for the following AMCs:
AMC 1 MS.B.001(a)(2) Safety Risk Management – Large and Small Organisations
AMC 1 MS.B.001(a)(4) Management System – Safety Management System – Organisation and accountabilities - Large and Small Organisations
Method: list and review existing materials and initiatives, select what is considered of particular interest for industry, develop new materials only when missing (gap analysis).
- Genuine ECAST work on Hazard Identification.
- New approach to Risk Assessment and Mgt adapted from ARMS, the Airline Risk Management Working Group (ARMS) launched by Airbus in 2007.
“The Mission of ARMS is to produce useful and cohesive Operational Risk Assessment methods for airlines and other aviation organisations and to clarify the related Risk Management processes.
The produced methods need to match the needs of users across the aviation domain in terms of Integrity of results and simplicity of use; and thereby effectively support the important role that Risk Management has in Aviation Safety Management Systems.
Deliverables will be methodology definitions – not necessarily software tools.
The first results will be delivered before 1-Jan-09 after which the potential continuation of the work will be reviewed.
The results of the Working Group will be available to the whole industry.”
Composition: Emirates, easyJet, Privatair, Finnair, British Airways, TA, Netjets, Air Berlin, Dragonair, Germanwings, KLM, Tyrolean, plus aviation organisations like Air France Industries, NATS, NLR and SHELL Aviation and a few passive members like Lufthansa, Quantas and American Eagles.
Deliverables: Practical methods for Risk Assessment; Process description for Risk Management; Risk Management in the organisational context of the airline and airline SMS. Targets ‘typical’ airline size; can be scaled down for small operators.
ECAST SMS WG will provide (website based) practical Guidance mainly based on existing materials and initiatives

25. ECAST SMS WG Terms of Reference
Review reference SMS/Safety Culture materials, and ongoing initiatives
Identify best practices and examples of organisation for safety mgt
Compile / provide guidance materials on Safety Risk Management
Hazard identification
Risk assessment and analysis
Risk mitigation and control

26. ECAST SMS WG Airline elected as ECAST SMS WG chair Deliverables
Guidance materials: references and links on the 4 selected subjects posted on public websites such as SKYBRARY and EASA
Target end date is 31 Dec 08
Capt Dave Prior
Director of Safety and Security
easyJet Airline Company Limited

27. ECAST Associated team: FAST
The Future Aviation Safety Team
Created under the JSSI
Associated to ECAST
Growing interest from the US (CAST, FAA, NASA, Boeing)
Prospective Safety
Has identified and maintains a repertoire of 200+ “Areas of Change”
Has developed a method for prospective safety analysis
Method tested on two safety relevant subjects:
Cockpit automation
New ATM operational concepts, with Eurocontrol
FAST has contributed to ECAST Phase 1, bringing into play a prospective perspective
The FAST method is documented in the “FAA-EUROCONTROL Toolbox”:

28. European Helicopter Safety Team EHEST
European Helicopter Safety Team EHEST
Focus on the ECAST.

29. www.easa.europa.eu/essi EHEST HELICOPTER SAFETY TEAM
COORDINATION GROUP
ECAST
COMMERCIAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
EHEST
HELICOPTER SAFETY TEAM
EHEST
HELICOPTER SAFETY TEAM
EGAST
GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
WORKING
GROUPS
WORKING GROUPS
WORKING
GROUPS
International
Partners
International
Partners
International
Partners

30. EHEST The European Helicopter Safety Team
EHEST is an industry/regulators partnership for enhancing rotorcraft safety in Europe based on voluntary commitment
Features representatives of OEMs, civil operators, regulators, helicopter interest groups, accident investigators, and military operators from across Europe
Brings together around 130 participants, of which 70 are involved in the Analysis Team
Governance:
Regulatory co-chair: John Vincent, EASA
Industry co-chairs: John Black, Bristow and EHOC, Jean-Pierre Dedieu, Eurocopter and EHA

31. EHEST within the ESSI and IHST
EHEST is the second ESSI component
And also the European branch of the International Helicopter Safety Team (IHST)
Committed to the IHST goal…
…with emphasis on European safety

32. EHEST Methodology adapted from CAST
Review
occurrences
Develop Safety
Enhancements
Implement Safety
Enhancements
The methodology was adapted by IHST from CAST (
Founded in 1998, the Commercial Aviation Safety Team has developed an integrated, data-driven strategy to reduce the commercial aviation fatality risk in the United States and promote new government and industry safety initiatives throughout the world.

33. EHEST Methodology adapted from CAST
Review
occurrences
Regional Analysis Teams have been established
to review European accident data
Develop Safety
Enhancements
Implement Safety
Enhancements

34. Participating countriesIS
FIN
Participating countries NO S
Light blue = Participation in EHEST or EHSAT.
So far the countries covered by the regional teams account for more than 90% of the helicopters registered in Europe.
Disclaimer: geographical accuracy not guaranteed. EE LV DK LT KZ RU
IRL BY RU UK NL PL B UA L D CZ SK MD A F CH HU RO GE SL AZ CR AM BA MC SB BG IR IT P E MK TR AL EL IQ SY DZ MT CY MA TN

35. EHSAT Composition Regional EHSAT teams Central EHSAT:
UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Nordic team (Norway, Sweeden, Denmark, Finland), CH, Hungary, Ireland)
In addition Poland, Romania, Latvia and Slovenia participate in the EHEST
Central EHSAT:
Regional teams representatives, plus EASA
Standardisation, data integration and analysis, quality control, liaison with the US JHSAT

36. Why regional EHSAT teams?
Maximises usage resources: working on local data, less travelling
Relations between partners already established
Team is aware of local context
Implementations/action plans also have
to be implemented on regional level
Language used for accident investigation reports

37. EHSAT Diverse and balanced perspectives and competences
Accident analysis is based on a sound method, featuring expert judgement
Requires diverse and balanced set of competences
Regional EHSAT feature representatives from the NAA, the AIB, operators, OEM / TC holders, pilot association, GA, and optionally the military
Regional teams present a large and balanced range of competences, bringing together representatives from the national aviation authority, accident investigation board, a civil operator, a helicopter OEM / TC holder, pilot association, the general aviation community and, optionally the military.

38. EHSAT Analysis Strategy
Maintain international compatibility
Reviewing accidents using a standard method adapted by IHST from CAST (US Commercial Aviation Safety Team)
Results are aggregated at European and worldwide levels
Requirements
User friendly method
Standardisation and quality control
Extensive Human Factors coding
Reducing by 80% the helicopter accident rate in the next 10 years implies addressing general aviation operations and human factors aspects. These subjects felt important at an early stage, are expected to be confirmed by data at a later stage.
In the European team, human factors are coded using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System HFACS, developed by Wiegmann and Shappell.

39. EHSAT Dataset Focus on:
Documented Accidents (def. ICAO Annex 13)
Date of occurrence starting from 2000 onwards
State of occurrence located in Europe
Europe is considered to be the 27 EU Member States plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (EU27+4).
Note: EHSAT is not in competition with Accident Investigation Boards!

40. EHSAT Preliminary Results
Developed an organisation adapted to Europe
Central strategic team, EHEST
Regional analysis teams
Central analysis team, EHSAT
Adapted and tested an analysis tool, usable by other regional teams worldwide
Regional teams started review of accidents
First standardisation meeting held in December 2007
200+ accident analyses expected by June 08
Examples of tool improvements:
Taxonomy developments (SPS and IR)
Tool user friendly – use of drop down menu’s
HFACS added

41. EHSAT Work Programme Review and aggregation by the central EHSAT
2008
2009
EHEST/Regional IHST Conference Planned for 13 Oct 08, HELITECH, Estoril, Portugal
Regional Analysis Teams perform the analyses
Review and aggregation by the central EHSAT
The Implementation Team starts working
on safety action plans

42. European General Aviation Safety Team EGAST
Focus on the EGAST.

43. www.easa.europa.eu/essi EGAST GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
COORDINATION GROUP
ECAST
COMMERCIAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
EHEST
HELICOPTER SAFETY TEAM
EGAST
GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
EGAST
GENERAL AVIATION SAFETY TEAM
WORKING
GROUPS
WORKING GROUPS
WORKING
GROUPS
International
Partners
International
Partners
International
Partners

44. EGAST General Aviation Fatal accidents
From the EASA 2007 Safety Review
G.A. light aircraft fatal accidents are the biggest slice in the cake !

45. EGAST Overview EGAST foundation meeting, EASA, 17 Oct 07
More than 160 invites, 65 participants
Need to set up a European General Aviation Safety Team confirmed
In line with the new regulatory framework developed by EASA with the GA community
Cooperation with GA JSC by FAA
Emerging themes
Data collection and analysis
Safety promotion and sharing
New regulatory framework being developed by the MDM.032 (Multi Domain Matter) Working Group
GA JSC = General Aviation Joint Safety Committee by the FAA

46. EGAST Overview
Partnership between EASA, other European intergovernmental bodies and regulators including NAA and the general community aiming at improving general aviation safety
Co-chaired by EASA, EBAA and ECOGAS & EAC
60+ organisations; 20 Members in the Core Team

47. EGAST The 3 layers EGAST Level 1 = the Core Team EGAST Level 2
Runs the initiative
Sets up the foundation documents and work program
May run working groups on specific subjects
Around 20 participants
EGAST Level 2
Interest in participating in EGAST
May provide participants in the working groups run by the Core Team
Around 65 participants
EGAST Level 3 = GA Community
Will benefit from the work of EGAST

48. EGAST Objective
Stated by the Core Team on 1 April 2008: EGAST will promote and initiate for all sectors of General Aviation best practices and awareness in order to improve safety, thereby reducing the accident rates.
Priorities will be set depending on sectors, safety benefits, and resources.

49. European Strategic Safety Initiative
EASA ESSI - Contact persons:
John Vincent
EASA Head Safety Analysis and Research, ESSI co-Chair
Tel:
Michel Masson
EASA Safety Action Coordinator, ESSI Secretary
Tel:
Clement Audard
EASA Safety Team Support Officer,
Tel:
EASA
Ottoplatz 1 D Köln
PO Box D Köln, Germany
Tel:

50. ESSI Communication Website: www.easa.europa.eu/essi
Two way link with CAST
ESSI, ECAST, EHEST and EGAST mailboxes
ICAO Information Paper and ECAST Process and Process Manual posted
EASA Annual Safety Review 2007
Section on ESSI
Article on ESSI in SKYBRARY by EUROCONTROL
Article on ESSI:
EASS 08 abstract accepted on 5 Nov 07
ESSI Advertisements and Publications
Regional International by ERA, August 07 and Oct 2007
ACI and AEA contacted

51. EASA in Cologne, Germany 5 years old