2. Henry Bessemer
Volta

4. Faraday

8. Pasteur

11. Industrial Revolution
widespread replacement of manual labor by machines that began in Britain in the 1700s.
Causes of the Industrial Revolution
New farming methods
New technology

12. Ch. 5 Sec. 1 Dawn of the Industrial Age
Life before Industrialization
People lived in simple homes
Worked using hand tools
Light
Candles
Clothes
Made their own
Food
Grew their own
Traveled
by foot or horse
Communicate
Sent Messages or messenger

13. Life after industrialization Towns turned to cities
Machines began to do work
Light
Electricity
Bought
clothes and food
Travel
boat or train
Communicate
telegram

14. New Inventions Anesthetic Sewing machine
Kills pain
Sewing machine
Tool to measure the speed of light
Antiseptic
Kills germs

15. New Farming Methods Lord Charles Townshend Jethro Tull
Urged farmers to grow turnips, because it replenished the soil
Jethro Tull
Invented the Seed Drill
Helped farmers, because it planted seeds in a row

16. New Technology Energy Thomas Newcomen James Watt Coal
Used to power the steam engine
Thomas Newcomen
Invented the steam engine
James Watt
Improved Newcomen’s steam engine

17. Steam Engine

18. Reasons why Britain led the way in Industry
Natural
Resources
Human
Resources
Technology
Political
Conditions
Social
Conditions
Economic
Conditions

19. Ch. 3 Sec 2 Britain Leads the way
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?
Plenty of coal and iron
Large number of workers
Rapid population growth (5 mil to 9 mil in one year)
Why?
More food = less famine
More medicine = less sickness, disease
Entrepreneurs took risks to start new businesses
Increased Trade = more money

20. Continued Stable government (constitutional monarchy) Strong navy
Britain was the center of the Scientific Revolution
Skilled mechanics

21. The Age of Iron and Coal Darby invented a new way to produce iron.
Coal replaced wood to smelt iron
Made iron cheaper, but better.

22. Changes in the Textile Industry
Cotton
New inventions improve the British textile (cloth) industry
Spinning jenny (spins cotton into cloth)
First factories are built
Machines were too large to be in homes
Factories were located near streams and railroads
transportation

23. Spinning Jenny

24. Early Factory

25. Factory

26. Later Factory

27. Revolution in Transportation
Steam locomotive (train)
Faster and cheaper transport
Steamboats improved shipping
Max speed was 5 mph

28. Locomotive

29. Steamboat

30. Reviewing key terms Abraham Darby Richard Arkwright Factory
He produced better quality and less expensive iron
Richard Arkwright
Hard working entrepreneur who invented the waterframe to speed up spinning cotton.
Factory
Places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods

31. Turnpike Robert Fulton
Privately built roads that charge a fee to travelers who used them
Robert Fulton
American who used James Watt’s steam engine to power a boat that broke the speed record
5 mph

32. Britain Cotton Trade--1850F. G. H. I. J.

33. Industrial Revolution Pop Quiz
Name two differences between life before and life after industrialization.
Before After
Example: Communicate: messenger
Example: Communicate: by telegram or telegraph
1. Travel:
Travel:
2. Work:

34. 2. Give one Reason why Britain led the way in Industry

35. Pop quiz continued
Why were factories built and why were they built near rivers and railroads?
What was the energy source that powered the steam engine?
Who invented the seed drill and how did it help farmers?
List the 2 factors that caused rapid population growth.

36. A H G C I E D F J B

37. Ch. 5 section 3 Hardships of Early Industrial life
What is a movement of people from the countryside to the city? P 178
What led to the massive migration of people from farms to cities? P 178
Who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution? P 179
What social class was created because of the Industrial Revolution? p179
Describe factory work during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. p180

38. Describe the tenement. (Be specific) P 180
What did the Luddites protest against? P 180
Why did employers prefer to hire women over men? 181
If women were working in factories, who was cleaning the home, cooking, and taking care of the children?
Describe the conditions for Miners and factory workers? 181
What happened to workers who got sick or injured on the job? Why? 181

39. Test continued
Why were children hired to work in factories and coal mines?
Describe working conditions for children in the mines.
What were some benefits that the working class gained as the Industrial Revolution progressed?

40. 1 5 6 4 7 2 3

41. Ch. 5 Section 4 New Ways of Thinking
California State Standard
10.3.6: Analyze the emergence of Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism.

42. Capitalism Laissez-Faire Free Market
Ch 5 section 4 Vocabulary
Capitalism
Individuals own companies and are free to sell goods at a price in order to make a profit
This is the type of economy that the US has
Laissez-Faire
Hands-off policy in business. (operate without govt. interference)
Free Market
Businesses are allowed to charge any price they want.

43. Vocabulary cont. Socialism Communism Bourgeoisie Proletariat
Together, people own and operate the means of production. (businesses)
Communism
Last stage of socialism, where different social classes no longer exist and the people own businesses together.
Bourgeoisie
Middle class or business owners
Proletariat
Working class (factory workers, farm labor)

44. Capitalist
Communists

45. Laissez-faire Economists
Capitalists
Adam Smith
Free Market competition
would cause lower prices
Thomas Malthus
Believed that
population growth
would cause
the poor to suffer
David Ricardo
Believed that the poor
could improve their
lives, if they had less
children

46. Adam Smith

47. Ch. 3 Section 4 New Ways of Thinking
Adam Smith
He believed in laissez-faire economics
Laissez-Faire
“Hands off” policy (no govt. interference)
Free market (capitalism) would produce more goods at lower prices.
Do you agree?
If you have a lot of something, (pencils) do you think they would be expensive or in expensive?
inexpensive, because the pencil company would want to sell to get rid of them.

48. Thomas Malthus

49. Laissez-Faire Thomas Malthus Supported Laissez-Faire economics
Feared that population would increase, but that the food supply would not
If there’s not enough food, then people die.
Malthus also believed that WAR and Disease would decrease the population
Malthus’s solution to the increased population
Urged families to have fewer children
If not, then Poor families would suffer

50. David Ricardo

51. Laissez-Faire David Ricardo Supported laissez-faire
Agreed with Malthus that the poor had too many children
Theory
“iron law of wages”
If wages are high, families had more children
Problem
Children increased supply of labor, which caused lower wages and high unemployment

52. Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill Idea that the goal of
society should be
happiness for all
Jeremy Bentham
Believed that laws
Should provide more
Pleasure than pain
John Stuart Mill
Wanted the govt. to step
in and improve the lives of
the working class.

53. Jeremy Bentham

54. The Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham Believed in Utilitarianism;
Idea that the goal of society should be happiness for all
Believed that laws should provide more pleasure than pain
Do you agree?
He was ok with govt. interference as long as it helped those with problems

55. John Stuart Mill

56. Utilitarian John Stuart Mill Strongly believed in individual freedoms
Also ok with government interference
Wanted working class and women to vote
Against child labor

57. Socialist Robert Owen Karl Marx Utopian
All work should be shared and all property owned by the people
Karl Marx
Believed there was a struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat
Believed the Proletariat would win
Workers would control society and everyone would be equal

58. Socialism Socialism People (public) own and operate businesses.
Main reason for socialism
Improve society and end the gap between the rich and the poor
Everyone would be equal
There would be no crime, no government, no disease, no sadness, no boredom

59. Robert Owen

60. The Utopians Robert Owen He was a Utopian
Believed that all work should be shared and all property owned by the people
No difference between the poor and rich
Fighting would stop
End child labor
He owned a factory and treated and paid his employees well

61. Karl Marx

62. Scientific Socialism Karl Marx Disagreed with the Utopians (unreal)
He saw the current problem as a class struggle between employers and employees
Employers were the “haves”
Bourgeoisie, or Middle class
Employees were the “have-nots”
Proletariat or working class
In the end, he believed the proletariat would win

63. Karl Marx
Marx hated capitalism, because it caused happiness for a few and poverty for many
He supported Communism
Classless society where the people run and own everything equally

64. Adam Smith
1. Who is a Socialist?
David Ricardo
Karl Marx

65. 2. Which two are Utilitarians? John Stuart Mill Thomas Malthus
Jeremy Bentham

66. 3. Name the three people who supported laissez-faire economics.
Karl Marx
Adam Smith
Robert Owen
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo 7 3
3. Name the three people who supported laissez-faire economics. 4 6 1 2 5

67. 4. Which two groups did Karl Marx believe were against each other and who did he believe would win?
5. What was today’s standard?
6. What was the goal of Utilitarianism?
7. Who believed that laws should bring pleasure and not pain?
8. Who believed that the poor could improve their lives if they had less children?

68. What is the difference between a conservative and a liberal?
What do you consider yourself to be, a conservative or liberal? Why?
Which of the following is a liberal?
George W. Bush
Mr. Dabbs
Karl Marx