1. Lucas Pettinati Rafael Monzon Andreas Dinopoulos architect structural engineer construction manager Berkeley Georgia Tech Strathclyde, UK Luciana Barroso owner

2. The Project Project Requirements Owner Requirements Architectural Context Site Context Alternatives Preferred Alternative A-E-C Solutions A-E-C Interactions Lessons Learned Today’s Outline

3. Year 2010 Lake Tahoe area Rebuild 3-story educational building Ridge University Engineering School The Project

4. Maintain existing footprints 36’ height limitation $5,500,000 budget One year duration Project Requirements

5. Showpiece building “Safe” structure within site context On budget / on time Owner Requirements

6. Architectural Context South Lake Tahoe Building style based on University of California Berkeley Art Museum and I.M. Pei’s NCAR Building

7. Architectural Desires Large curtain wall Unobstructed seating in auditorium and lecture rooms Heavy vs. light

8. Boundary conditions Geological features Local weather conditions Local working week Site Context

9. Alternative 1: Architecture Pre-existing structural layout Privacy increases on vertical and inward motion Use of internal light wells to unite spaces Large spaces within to be used for interaction

10. Alternative 1: Engineering and Construction Explored structural systems: Concrete Steel Concrete+Steel Preferred Structural System: Concrete+Steel Construction Cost: $5,800,000

11. Alternative 2: Architecture Programmatic in nature Separation of function by level Individuality Large spaces within to be used for interaction

12. Alternative 2: Engineering and Construction Explored structural systems: Concrete Steel Preferred Structural System: Steel Construction Cost: $5,400,000

13. Alternative 3: Architecture Programmatic in nature Separation of function by level Individuality Periphery vs. core Large spaces within to be used for interaction

14. Alternative 3: Engineering and Construction Explored structural systems: Concrete Steel Preferred Structural System: Concrete Construction Cost: $6,000,000

15. Alternative 4: Architecture Auditorium as indoor/outdoor space 8º shift Cantilevers hold offices Glass curtain Slope roof

16. Alternative 4: Engineering and Construction Explored structural systems: Concrete Steel Concrete+Steel Preferred Structural System: Concrete+Steel Construction Cost: $5,700,000

17. Preferred Solution: Alternative 4 Architectural Elements Glass curtain walls Cantilevered offices Dual purpose auditorium Open space light well at lobby Dynamic spaces that allow for options Structural Elements Challenging cantilever system Sound lateral load resisting system Structure nicely integrated into architecture Owner’s preference Construction Elements Tight time scheduling Challenging cost cut-down

18. Architecture Final Iteration

19. Overview Based on Alternative 4 Faculty offices along periphery Student offices in an open environment Auditorium follows ground

20. 1st Floor: Circulation

21. 1st Floor: Egress

22. 1st Floor: Lecture Rooms

23. The following QuickTime VR movie is representative of the layout and feeling of the lecture rooms within the structure

24. 1st Floor: Small Classroom

25. 2nd Floor: Circulation

26. 2nd Floor: Egress

27. 2nd Floor: Instructional Facilities

28. 2nd Floor: Seminar Rooms

29. 2nd Floor: Student Offices

30. 3rd Floor: Circulation

31. 3rd Floor: Egress

32. 3rd Floor: Faculty Offices

33. The following QuickTime VR movie is representative of the layout and feeling of the dean’s office within the structure

34. 3rd Floor: Faculty Lounge

35. 3rd Floor: Secretaries

36. Architecture Performance Planned space is 8% smaller than the program requirements Total area: 27,600 square feet All areas handicap accessible per ADA regulations At least 2 means of egress on every floor Centralized plumbing runs HVAC and Electrical distribution imbedded in walls

37. Architecture Performance Room affinities maintained from initial program Some room functions combined into larger yet customizable units Seminar Rooms Small Classrooms Secretaries Security increases with levels 1st Floor: Public 2nd Floor: Semi-private 3rd Floor: Private No internal stairwell

38. Engineering Final Iteration

39. Structural System Description Classroom + Office Building: Concrete lateral load resisting system Concrete plate slab Steel cantilever system Auditorium: Steel braced frames Truss roof system

40.  Moderate to high seismicity (Zone 3)  Heavy snow loads Live Loads  40psf (Classrooms)  50psf (Offices)  100psf (Storage & Hallways)  Snow Load = 125psf Dead Loads  100psf (Slab + Beams)  25psf (Floor + Partitions)  10psf (Installations) Structural Considerations

41. 12x18 Concrete Ring Beam Steel Cantilever Elements 12” Shear Walls 16x16 Concrete Columns 4” Composite Slab 8” Concrete Plate Slab Third Floor Slab & Roof Slab Second Floor Slab Classroom & Office Building

42.  UBC Code  Seismic Reduction Factor, Rw = 12  Seismic Zone Factor, Z = 0.3  Peak Ground Acceleration, Ao = 0.3  Importance Factor, I = 1.0  Site Coefficient, S = 1.2  Building Weight = 4807 K  Design Base Shear = 255 K (in both directions) Analysis Parameters Analysis Results

43. Vibration Modes Mode 1: T = 0.23 sec Mode 2: T = 0.21 sec

44. Max Disp = 1.70” (0.4% of total height) Limit Drift Ratio = 0.03/Rw = 0.0025 Max Drift Ratio Obtained < 0.0008 Drifts West Side Frame

45. Axial Force Diagram Moment Diagram Shear Force Diagram M+ max = 38.47 K-ft A max = 197.5 K V max = 23.95 K M- max = 82.04 K-ft M, V & Axial Force Diagrams West Side Frame

46. Wall Stresses Shear Stresses Vertical Stresses Max Vertical Stress 0.73 Ksi << F’c Max Shear Stress 0.27 Ksi << F’v

47. ITERATION 16x16 Column As required = min = 1.0% = 2.6sqin PRELIMINARY SIZE 18x18 Column: As req= min = 1.0% = 3.2sqin Column Sizing Iteration

48. ITERATION 12x18 Beam: As max req = 1.02sqin (0.60%) PRELIMINARY SIZE 12x20 Beam: As max req = 0.71sqin (0.35%) Beam Sizing Iteration

49. Auditorium Iteration Roof Truss System Braced Frames Columns Secondary Roof Elements

50. Construction Final Iteration

51. Mechanical excavator Bulldozer Dump Trucks Tower crane Concrete mixers Machinery

52. 4D Model loading…

53. Cost Breakdown

54. Cost Comparison

55. Insulation R-30 Batt for roof R-19 Batt for walls Carpets for added insulation Glazing Double pane glazing to retain heat Conveying Pneumatic vs. hydraulic elevator Life Cycle Considerations

56. A-E-C Interactions

57. Architectural proposal Engineering rationale Solution A-E Interaction: Cantilever System, Part 1

58. Preliminary Engineering Proposal Final Solution Architectural Requirements + Mentor Feedback A-E Interaction: Cantilever System, Part 2

59. Can we afford to lower the Auditorium? Problem: Cost increase of earthworks by 17% Solution: Use a site that naturally slopes and create a building that follows it. A-C Interaction: Auditorium

60. Preliminary Engineering Proposal Final Solution Construction Requirements + Mentor Feedback E-C Interaction: From Frame System to Flat Slab

61. E-C Interaction: Not dependable of weather Minimum erection time More expensive Transportation problems Last moment alterations possible Productivity rate can be fast Labor intensive Pre-cast vr Cast in-situ

62. Lessons Learned

63. Applying theory into practice Iteration, iteration, iteration… Negotiation is key When technology doesn’t work it’s not the end of the world. Adapt technology to suit your needs and conditions Lessons Learned

64. Distance is not a barrier No one is ever “always right” Ideas often come from outside your discipline Mentor feedback is crucial Trust your teammates Lessons Learned

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