1. AP Chapter 23
The Roaring 20s

2. “Return to Normalcy”- campaign slogan of Warren G. Harding (R) in 1920
Election of 1920
“Return to Normalcy”- campaign slogan of Warren G. Harding (R) in 1920
Harding easily defeated James Cox (D) to win the presidency
The country saw amazing growth in consumer goods and a drastic change in culture

4. 2nd Industrial Revolution
Electricity became common throughout the country and new consumer goods were in high demand
Mass production techniques were rapidly decreasing the price of goods
Welfare Capitalism- system of labor relations emphasizing managements responsibility for the employees well being

5. Open Shops and the Supreme Court seriously weakened the unions gains during the war
Henry Ford- Model T 1st popular and affordable automobile
Assembly Line- cars placed on a line and people do the same thing over and over
Car rolled off the line every 10 seconds and he paid his workers $5 for an 8 hr. day

7. Assembly Line

9. Agricultural Problems
Farmers struggled the most during the 1920s
The demand for U.S. crops after the war dropped significantly which led to massive amounts of overproduction
Farmers struggled to repay loans and dug themselves deeper and deeper

12. Installment Buying Buying on credit like a credit card
Most people overextended their credit which led to problems
People began to move to the suburbs and commute into the cities
Radios, cars, refrigerators, washing machines etc. were all bought on credit

14. Mass Culture
Movies became extremely popular and The Jazz Singer staring Al Jolson was the first talking movie in 1927
Movies shaped how Americans dressed and talked
KDKA of Pittsburgh was the 1st regularly broadcast radio station and the radio quickly grew

16. Music, sports, comedies and dramas were all played out on the radio
NBC and CBS led the way
NY Dailey News was the 1st to use tabloid style news and it quickly spread throughout the country
Advertising agencies grew and began to use scientific technology
Dances such as the Charleston, Tango, Fox Trot and Grizzly Bear became popular

18. Sports and Celebrity
Baseball, boxing and college football ruled the sporting world
Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Jack Dempsey and Gene Tunney became household names
Sporting events were also a popular form of socializing

19. Jack Dempsey

20. Charles Lindbergh

22. New Morality
Women changed their roles from traditional and conservative to flappers
Flappers smoked, drank, danced wore their dresses and hair short
Many were shocked at the way women were acting and it upset the traditional culture

24. 18th Amend- Prohibition Volstead Act
Manufacturing and sale of alcohol was prohibited in 1919
Rise of organized crime led by Al Capone in Chicago
Bootleggers-supplied alcohol to Americans mainly through Canada
Speakeasy- illegal bars were people enjoyed music and a good drink

28. Prohibition failed miserably
Unpopular laws are difficult if not impossible to enforce
21st Amend- repealed prohibition in 1933
Some say it was easier to get alcohol during prohibition than it is today

30. Immigration Restriction
Following the war many were tired of the new immigrants
Lodge founded the Immigration Restriction League
Immigration Act of 1921 restricted immigration to 3% of 1910 totals
Johnson Reed Immigration Act of 1924 further restricted immigration to 2% of 1890 totals

33. Ku Klux Clan
KKK- grew in numbers following D.W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation that glorified the KKK
KKK attacked Roman Catholics, Jews and African Americans
Klan became a powerful force in the Democratic Party

36. Scopes (Monkey Trial)
John T. Scopes- accused of teaching Darwin's theory of evolution (illegal in Tenn.)
Trial gained national atten. When ACLU lawyer Clarence Darrow faced off against W.J. Bryan
Religion vs. Science
Found guilty & fined $100

38. Harding and the “Ohio Gang”
Harding surrounded himself with a close group of friends called the “Ohio Gang”
Harding’s cabinet was very corrupt
Harding died in office in 1923
Teapot Dome Scandal- Sec. of Interior Albert Fall was convicted of taking bribes for secretly leasing oil reserves (1st cabinet member ever to go to jail)

39. Ohio Gang

41. Prosperity under Coolidge
Did very little as president
“Business of America is business” which reflects a laissez faire
Sec. of Treasury Andrew Mellon used his conservative principles to trim the budget, cut taxes, and encouraged growth

44. War Debt and Reparations
Following the war the U.S. was the leading creditor nation
Dawes and Young Plans gave loans to Germany so they could repay GB/France who then were able to repay us (with interest)
Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlawed war
Washington Naval Disarmament Conf.- reduced the size of the world’s navies

46. Unfulfilled Promises
During the 1920s their was a huge gap between the rich and the poor
League of Women Voters-advocated for women’s rights such as equal pay
Sheppard-Towner Act- provided for the 1st federally funded health care for maternity care
Mexican immigration rose but also brought nativism

47. Harlem Renaissance
Encouraged African Americans to take PRIDE in their culture
Langston Hughes- popular poet of the Renaissance
Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway and Louis Armstrong popularized jazz
Renaissance focused on African American culture and art

50. Writers
Ernest Hemingway wrote The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms that questioned idealism
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby
Sinclair Lewis wrote Main Street and Babbit that satrinized small town life

51. Hemingway, Fitzgerald and Lewis

52. Sacco & Vanzetti Two foreign born immigrants
Accused of murder and robbery
Sentenced and killed on very little evidence
Immigrants and anarchist was the real reason they were convicted
Represented the prejudice of the time period

53. Sacco and Vanzetti

54. Election of 1928
Albert Smith (D) lost to Herbert Hoover (R) in a landslide election
Smith was the first Catholic to be nominated by a major political party
Election was a representation of the major issues of the 1920s

56. Election of 1928

57. Conclusion 1920s was an era of amazing growth economically
Socially the country reflected the rapidly changing times
Government returned to the laissez faire attitudes of the late 1800s
Some enjoyed great times while others suffered