1. WATER TO DRINK

2. A. Water Quality 1.Water Quality-measurement of substances in water 2.Concentration-amount of a substance in water measured in parts per million (ppm)

3. 3.Water Quality Indicators-different factors that are measured to determine if water is usable a.Acidity (pH)-the level of acid or ammonia in water (0-6 acid/7 neutral/8-14 base). Too much can dissolve pipes and other things b.Hardness-Combination of magnesium and calcium in water. Suds do not form well c.Disease-causing organisms-the presence of microorganisms like E. coli which is from animal waste d.Dissolved Oxygen-the warmer the water, the less there is

4. e.Conductivity measures the water’s ability to conduct an electrical current. f.Nitrates-mostly from plants. Eutrophication in ponds creates a lot of nitrates g.Phosphates-from detergents and cleaners h.Pesticides-farm runoff

5. i. Salinity- measures the water’s ability salt content j.Sediments/dissolved solids-how many suspended solids in water k.Temperature- l.Turbidity-the clarity of the water m.Toxic chemicals-factory runoff

6. B. Treating Drinking Water 1. First filtration-removes large objects like leaves, fish, trash 2. 2.Coagulation-A chemical is added to make sticky clumps of solids 3. 3.Settling basins-where the clumps sink 4. 4.Second Filtration-water trickles through sand and gravel to remove algae, bacteria and chemicals 5. 5.Chlorination-chlorine is added to kill any remaining organisms 6. 6.Aeration-air forced through to release bad odors, gases and taste 7. 7.Additional Treatment-extra chemicals added sometimes 8. 8.Storage and Distribution through water towers, pipes, etc.

7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=p layer_detailpage&v=tuYB8nMFxQA http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=p layer_detailpage&v=tuYB8nMFxQA See page 52

8. C. Wastewater Treatment (pg. 53) 1.There are two ways sewage is treated 1.A septic system-contained in a tank below the ground; usually rural areas 2.A wastewater treatment plant-similar to drinking water treatment but in this treatment bacteria are actually added to help kill bad things a. A material called sludge is often scraped from the bottom of the tanks and used as fertilizer.

9. MEET IN THE COMPUTER LAB TOMORROW