1. 25 Earth’s Moon 25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
25.2 The Moon’s Motions
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2. 25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
Scientists think the moon formed after a large object, about the size of a planet, hit Earth.
crater
micrometeoroid
1. Earth is hit off-center by a planet-sized object.
2. The impact heats and deforms both bodies. Some rocky debris remains in orbit around Earth.
3. The debris ring, made of rock from the outer layer of both objects, gradually coalesces, forming the moon.
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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3. 25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
The same side of the moon always faces Earth.
crater
Dark areas called maria are great basins and level plains on the moon. They are younger than the lighter lunar highlands. Lunar highland rocks are older than mare rocks.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
Mare
Highland
ray
regolith
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4. 25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.1 Origin and Properties of the Moon
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
Lunar rocks have textures similar to Earth rocks but differ in composition.
crater
micrometeoroid
Most lunar craters were caused by the impact of meteoroids; rays of shattered rock and dust were splashed out by the impacts.
maria
mascons
rille
Regolith is the loose rock material covering the moon’s surface. It is formed as micrometeoroids smash into and erode the moon’s surface.
ray
regolith
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5. 25 Earth’s Moon astronomy The study of the universe. CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
astronomy
crater
The study of the universe.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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6. 25 Earth’s Moon meteoroid
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
meteoroid
crater
A rocky or icy fragment that travels through space.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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7. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
crater
crater
A bowl-shaped depression on the surface of a moon or a planet, usually caused by the impact of a meteorite.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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8. 25 Earth’s Moon micrometeoroid
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
micrometeoroid
crater
Tiny rock fragment no larger than sand grains that travels through space.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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9. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
maria
crater
Extensive dark areas on the moon that represent great basins and level plains.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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10. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
mascons
crater
Areas of higher gravity that exist over lunar maria; short for “mass concentrations.”
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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11. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
rille
crater
A trenchlike valley running through the bedrock of lunar maria, believed to have formed after the cave-in of the roof of a tunnel that had transported lava.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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12. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
ray
crater
A bright streak of shattered rock and dust that radiates from a lunar crater.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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13. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
astronomy
meteoroid
regolith
crater
A grayish brown mixture of small rock pieces and fine particles that covers the moon.
micrometeoroid
maria
mascons
rille
ray
regolith
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14. 25 25.2 The Moon’s Motions Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.2 The Moon’s Motions
VOCABULARY
The moon’s orbit is tilted 5 degrees relative to the plane of Earth’s orbit. The moon’s movement around Earth causes it to rise later each day and to go through phases.
phases
waxing
waning
gibbous
umbra
Light from the Sun
Waning Crescent
Waxing Crescent
New Moon
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous
Waxing Gibbous
Last Quarter
First Quarter
Phases of the Moon
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
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15. 25 25.2 The Moon’s Motions Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.2 The Moon’s Motions
VOCABULARY
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth passes between the sun and the moon, and the moon is within Earth’s shadow.
phases
waxing
waning
Sun
Earth
Penumbra
Moon
Umbra
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and Earth, and the moon’s shadow falls on Earth.
solar eclipse
Total Solar Eclipse
Sun
Earth
Moon
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16. 25 25.2 The Moon’s Motions Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.2 The Moon’s Motions
VOCABULARY
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth passes between the sun and the moon, and the moon is within Earth’s shadow.
phases
waxing
waning
Sun
Earth
Penumbra
Moon
Umbra
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and Earth, and the moon’s shadow falls on Earth.
solar eclipse
Partial Solar Eclipse
Sun
Earth
Moon
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17. 25 25.2 The Moon’s Motions Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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25.2 The Moon’s Motions
VOCABULARY
A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth passes between the sun and the moon, and the moon is within Earth’s shadow.
phases
waxing
waning
Sun
Earth
Penumbra
Moon
Umbra
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the sun and Earth, and the moon’s shadow falls on Earth.
solar eclipse
Annular Solar Eclipse
Sun
Earth
Moon
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18. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
phases
waning
The daily changes in the moon’s appearance as it is viewed from Earth.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
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19. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
waxing
waning
The increasing of the visible amount of the moon’s illuminated surface, from new moon to full moon.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
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20. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
waning
waning
The decreasing of the visible amount of the moon’s illuminated surface, from full moon to new moon.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
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21. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
gibbous
waning
A phase of the moon in which almost all of the bright half of the moon faces Earth.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
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22. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
umbra
waning
The darkest part of the shadow cast by the moon or by Earth.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
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23. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
penumbra
waning
The area of partial shadow surrounding the darkest part of the shadow of the Earth or moon.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
SECTION OUTLINE

24. 25 Earth’s Moon lunar eclipse
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
lunar eclipse
waning
The eclipse that occurs when the moon passes into Earth’s total shadow, or umbra, preventing sunlight from reaching the moon; it occurs only at the full-moon phase.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
SECTION OUTLINE

25. 25 Earth’s Moon solar eclipse
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
phases
waxing
solar eclipse
waning
The eclipse that occurs when the moon passes between the sun and Earth and the moon’s shadow strikes Earth’s surface.
gibbous
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
SECTION OUTLINE

26. I. Origin and Properties of the Moon25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
I. Origin and Properties of the Moon
astronomy
A. Origin of the Moon
meteoroid
1. Development of the Moon
crater
2. The Moon Today
micrometeoroid
B. Properties and Features of the Moon
maria
1. Lunar Maria
mascons
2. Lunar Highlands
rille
3. Lunar Craters and Rays
ray
4. Lunar Soil
regolith
KEY IDEA SUMMARY

27. 25 Earth’s Moon II. The Moon’s Motions A. The Moon’s Orbit
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
CHAPTER HOME
VOCABULARY
II. The Moon’s Motions
phases
A. The Moon’s Orbit
waxing
B. The Moon’s Phases
waning
C. Lunar Eclipses
gibbous
D. Solar Eclipses
umbra
penumbra
lunar eclipse
solar eclipse
KEY IDEA SUMMARY

28. 25
CHAPTER
Earth’s Moon
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