2. The Sun, Earth, Moon System

3. Earth Facts: Earth is a sphere.Earth is a sphere. Earth rotates or spins on an axis.Earth rotates or spins on an axis. (At about 1000 mi/hr)(At about 1000 mi/hr) One rotation takes 23 hours and 56 minutesOne rotation takes 23 hours and 56 minutes The diameter isThe diameter is 12,756 Km (7,909 mi.) Circumference = 24,000 miles.

4. Earth Facts: The Earth has a magnetic field, similar to a bar magnet.The Earth has a magnetic field, similar to a bar magnet..

5. Earth’s Magnetosphere The Aurora Borealis ( Northern Lights) are created by charged particles entering the magnetosphere.

6. Earth Facts There are magnetic poles. (N & S)There are magnetic poles. (N & S) The North Magnetic Pole is tilted at 11.5 degrees from the geographic north poleThe North Magnetic Pole is tilted at 11.5 degrees from the geographic north pole » WEB WEB

7. Earth’s Magnetic Poles

8. The Seasons Many locations on Earth experience weather changes over the year.Many locations on Earth experience weather changes over the year. We have Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall.We have Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, and Fall. What causes the change?What causes the change?

9. The Seasons The Earth’s Tilt and its Revolution around the sun combine to cause the seasons.The Earth’s Tilt and its Revolution around the sun combine to cause the seasons. The Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees.The Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees.

10. The Seasons The Revolution around the sun takes 365 days, 6 hrs, and 9 min.The Revolution around the sun takes 365 days, 6 hrs, and 9 min. ( One Year)

11. The Seasons

12. Earth is closest to the sun in the Winter (for the northern hemisphere).Earth is closest to the sun in the Winter (for the northern hemisphere). On January 3 the Earth is 147 million Km (91.1 million mi.) from the sunOn January 3 the Earth is 147 million Km (91.1 million mi.) from the sun On July 4 the Earth is the farthest at 152 million KmOn July 4 the Earth is the farthest at 152 million Km (94.2 million miles)

13. Seasons Equinoxes – The sun is directly above the equator. The number of daylight hours EQUALS the number of hours of darkness.Equinoxes – The sun is directly above the equator. The number of daylight hours EQUALS the number of hours of darkness. The Fall Equinox occurs on September 22 or 23The Fall Equinox occurs on September 22 or 23 The Spring Equinox occurs on March 20 or 21The Spring Equinox occurs on March 20 or 21 These are the dates for “the first day of Spring”(or Fall)These are the dates for “the first day of Spring”(or Fall)

14. Seasons Solstice – The sun reaches its greatest distance north or south.Solstice – The sun reaches its greatest distance north or south. The Winter Solstice occurs on December 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere.The Winter Solstice occurs on December 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere. The Winter Solstice has the longest time of darkness in the year.The Winter Solstice has the longest time of darkness in the year. The Summer Solstice occurs on June 21 or 22. It is the longest day of the year.The Summer Solstice occurs on June 21 or 22. It is the longest day of the year.

15. Seasons How does the Earth’s rotation affect animal and plant life?How does the Earth’s rotation affect animal and plant life? How does the Earth’s revolution affect plant and animal life?

16. Earth’s Moon: Luna

17. Earth’s Moon The moon rotates.The moon rotates. It rotates once every 27.3 days.It rotates once every 27.3 days. The moon revolves around the Earth.The moon revolves around the Earth.

18. Earth’s Moon It revolves around the Earth once every 29.5 days.It revolves around the Earth once every 29.5 days. The revolution of the moon is what causes the phases.The revolution of the moon is what causes the phases. The moon has phases:The moon has phases: The moon changes appearance.

19. Moon Phases The moon shows sun light which is reflected from the moon’s surface.The moon shows sun light which is reflected from the moon’s surface. New Moon : The moon is dark.New Moon : The moon is dark. New Moon: The moon is located between the Earth and the sun.New Moon: The moon is located between the Earth and the sun.

20. Moon Phases Waxing – this is when more and more of the moon’s lighted side is appearing.Waxing – this is when more and more of the moon’s lighted side is appearing. A Full Moon – all of the moon’s surface is lit up.A Full Moon – all of the moon’s surface is lit up. Waning – this is when the lighted side is getting smaller and smaller.Waning – this is when the lighted side is getting smaller and smaller.

21. Moon Phases web web New MoonNew Moon Waxing CrescentWaxing Crescent First QuarterFirst Quarter

22. Moon Phases Waxing GibbousWaxing Gibbous Full MoonFull Moon Waning GibbousWaning Gibbous

23. Moon Phases Third QuarterThird Quarter Waning CrescentWaning Crescent Web Phases Web Phases

24. Moon Phases

25. Eclipses

26. Solar Eclipses The moon moves between the Earth and the sun.The moon moves between the Earth and the sun.

27. Solar Eclipse

28. The sun is blocked and the moon casts a shadow on a part of the earth.The sun is blocked and the moon casts a shadow on a part of the earth.

29. Solar Eclipse

30. Umbra = The darkest part of the moon’s shadow.Umbra = The darkest part of the moon’s shadow. Penumbra = a lighter shadow around the umbra.Penumbra = a lighter shadow around the umbra.

31. Lunar Eclipses When the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.When the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.

32. Lunar Eclipse The moon turns dark red and almost disappears.

33. The Structure of the Moon

34. Structure of the Moon WEB WEB Maria = dark, flat areas formed from ancient lava flows.Maria = dark, flat areas formed from ancient lava flows.

35. Structure of the Moon Craters = depressions formed from impacts (meteoroids, etc.)Craters = depressions formed from impacts (meteoroids, etc.)

36. Moon Structures Ray = a bright streak, radiating from a crater.Ray = a bright streak, radiating from a crater. Rill = A long valley on the moon.Rill = A long valley on the moon. Apogee = the moon is farthest from the Earth.Apogee = the moon is farthest from the Earth. Perigee = the moon is nearest the Earth.Perigee = the moon is nearest the Earth.

37. Theory: Origin of the Moon 4.6 Billion years ago, a Mars size object collided with the Earth.4.6 Billion years ago, a Mars size object collided with the Earth. Part of the Earth melted and was ejected into space.Part of the Earth melted and was ejected into space.

38. Theory Of Moon Formation A ring of debris formed around the Earth.A ring of debris formed around the Earth. After about 100 years the ring solidified into the moon.After about 100 years the ring solidified into the moon.