2. What are the 3 main processes in the Water Cycle?

3. Evaporation Condensation Precipitation

4. What causes the seasons?

5. Tilt of Earth’s axis

6. 2 Pointer!!! What is the distribution of Earth’s water from greatest to least? (5)

7. 1. Salt water 2. Frozen ice 3. Groundwater 4. Surface water 5. Water vapor

8. Where does the Earth receive the most direct sunlight? The least?

9. Most = Equator Least = Poles

10. Is Earth’s water steadily increasing, decreasing, or staying in balance?

11. Earth’s water stays in balance

12. When an object spins on an axis it’s called what?

13. Rotation

14. Why does Earth’s water stay in balance? (Think of two processes in the water cycle)

15. The rate of evaporation is equal to rate of precipitation.

16. When one object moves around another object it is called what?

17. Revolution

18. What process takes place when liquid water absorbs enough energy to change into water vapor?

19. Evaporation

20. What makes the Earth have day and night?

21. Rotation on its axis

22. What process happens when water vapor cools and changes to liquid water?

23. Condensation

24. Why does the moon appear to go through phases?

25. Because of the changing positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth

26. What is the process where four forms of water fall from clouds to Earth’s surface?

27. Precipitation

28. What does waxing mean?

29. To get bigger

30. Why does the ocean’s salinity stay about the same? (Think of two processes in the water cycle)

31. The rate of evaporation is equal to rate of precipitation.

32. What does waning mean?

33. To get smaller

34. As you descend into the ocean, what happens to temperature?

35. It decreases

36. As you descend into the ocean, what happens to light?

37. It decreases

38. As you descend into the ocean, what happens to pressure?

39. It Increases

40. As you descend into the ocean, what happens to density?

41. It increases

42. What is the Phase?

43. Full Moon

44. What is the Phase?

45. Waning Crescent

46. What is the Phase?

47. Waxing Gibbous

48. What is the Phase?

49. First Quarter

50. What is the Phase?

51. Waning Gibbous

52. What is the Phase?

53. Waxing Crescent

54. What is the Phase?

55. Third Quarter

57. Abyssal Plain

59. Continental Shelf

61. Continental Slope

62. How do scientists think the moon formed?

63. Impact theory

64. What causes waves?

65. Wind

66. What are the positions of the sun, earth and moon during a lunar eclipse?

67. S-E-M

68. What causes surface currents?

69. Wind

70. What are the positions of the sun, moon, and earth during a solar eclipse?

71. S-M-E

72. What causes deep ocean currents? (2)

73. Caused by differences in density and the Coriolis effect

74. An earth centered solar system is called what?

75. Geocentric system

76. 2 Pointer!!! How do surface currents (ex. Gulf Stream, California Current, EAC) affect coastal climates?

77. They warm or cool the air above it affecting temperatures and the climate.

78. A sun centered solar system is called what?

79. Heliocentric system

80. What causes tides?

81. Caused by the interaction of the Earth, moon, and sun (gravity).

82. Which solar system theory did Galileo support?

83. Heliocentric

84. About how often does each high tide occur?

85. About every 12 hours.

86. Give one piece of evidence that Galileo used to support the heliocentric system? (2)

87. Venus going through phases like moon and the moons revolving around Jupiter

88. What type of tide is this? Sun M Earth

89. Spring Tide.

90. What type of tide is this? Sun M Earth

91. Neap Tide.

92. What are the twelve main objects/areas in our solar system starting and including the sun?

93. Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto (dwarf), Kuiper Belt

94. What type of orbit do most objects in space have?

95. Elliptical

96. What are the gases and percentages that make up air? (3)

97. Nitrogen Oxygen Water Vapor, other

98. What are the percentages of the 3 main gases in the atmosphere?

99. Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 21%, other 1%

100. As altitude increases, air pressure and air density do what?

101. Decreases

102. Which astronomer discovered that objects in space have an elliptical orbit?

103. Kepler

104. What causes local winds?

105. Caused by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface

106. What two forces help to keep objects like the Earth in orbit around the sun?

107. Gravity and Inertia

108. What type of Breeze is this?

109. Sea Breeze

110. What causes a Sea Breeze?

111. Daytime – cooler air moves from sea to replace warmer air on land

112. Which astronomer explained inertia and gravity?

113. Newton

114. What type of Breeze is this?

115. Land Breeze

116. What causes a land breeze?

117. Nighttime - Cold air moves from land to replace warm air at sea

118. What most likely originates in the Kuiper belt or Oort cloud region and orbits around the sun?

119. Comets

120. 2 Pointer!!! What causes land and sea breezes?

121. Differences in pressure, due to unequal heating of land vs. water

122. What objects orbit between Mars and Jupiter?

123. Asteroids

124. What causes global winds?

125. Unequal heating - because of the angle of the sunlight hitting the Earth (more direct at the equator, more spread out at the poles)

126. What is a small object that orbits near the earth?

127. Meteoroid

128. Why do Global winds curve?

129. Coriolis effect (Earth’s rotation)

130. What is a small object that enters earth’s atmosphere called?

131. Meteor

132. What heats and cools faster (land or water)?

133. Land

134. What is a small object that comes from space and hits earth’s surface?

135. Meteorite

136. How do clouds form?

137. Warm moist air rises until it cools (reaches the dew point) and condenses.

138. What are the three types of galaxies?

139. Spiral Elliptical Irregular

140. What are the three major types of clouds?

141. Cumulus: fluffy, puffy Stratus: low, layered, gray Cirrus: feathery, wispy

142. What is the most accepted theory that explains the origins of our Universe?

143. Big Bang Theory

144. What type of clouds produce thunderstorms?

145. Cumulonimbus clouds.

146. What is a measure of how much water vapor is in the air?

147. Humidity?

148. What is the name of the galaxy where our solar system can be found?

149. Milky Way

150. On a cold day, when you “see” your breath, which part of the water cycle are you demonstrating?

151. Condensation (your own cloud formation)

152. 2 Pointer!!! What are the four main types of air masses that affect the United States?

153. Maritime polar: humid, cold Maritime tropical: humid, warm Continental polar: dry, cold Continental tropical: dry, warm

154. Which type of air is denser, warm or cold?

155. Cold

156. Which type of air has more pressure, warm or cold?

157. Cold

158. Which type of air can hold more humidity, warm or cold?

159. Warm

160. When a rapidly moving cold air mass runs into a slowly moving warm air mass, what type of front is formed?

161. Cold Front

162. What type of front happens when a moving warm air mass collides with a slowly moving cold air mass?

163. Warm front

164. Sometimes cold and warm air masses meet, but neither one has enough force to move the other. What type of front is this?

165. Stationary front

166. What type of front is created when a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses?

167. Occluded front

168. What does this symbol represent?

169. Occluded front

170. What does this symbol represent?

171. Cold front

172. What does this symbol represent?

173. Stationary front

174. What does this symbol represent?

175. Warm front

176. What are lines on a map with the same air pressure?

177. Isobar?

178. What are lines on a map joining places with the same temperature?

179. Isotherms?

180. What natural disaster begins over water, as a low-pressure area; gains strength from the warm, moist air evaporating from the ocean?

181. Hurricane

182. How do hurricanes become weaker? (2)

183. A hurricane weakens as it moves across land or cold water.

184. In general, what direction does weather move across the United States?

185. West to the East.

186. What meteorological instrument measures temperature?

187. Thermometer

188. What meteorological instrument measures air pressure?

189. Barometer

190. What are the two factors that determine climate?

191. Temperature and precipitation

192. How do weather and climate differ?

193. Climate is the conditions over a long period (year after year); weather is the daily conditions at a particular time and place