1. Chapters 3-5 Vocabulary (you already have these from yesterday) Bestial (adj): like a beast or an animal Blandishments (n): something used to coax or persuade Crucible (n): container for cooking at high heat Emaciated (adj): marked by abnormal thinness caused by starvation or disease

2. Chapters 3-5 Vocabulary (you already have these from yesterday) Leprous (adj): showing signs of leprosy (disease) Manacle (v): to handcuff Queue (verb): [pronounced like “cue”] waiting in line; (noun = a waiting line) Wizened (adj): dry, shrunken, wrinkled

3. Chapters 3-5 Background Time & Place 1933: Nazis opened 1 st concentration camp – Hitler already German chancellor – As Hitler invaded more lands, more camps needed – Early years, Jews only kept long enough to make them leave German-held lands 1940: Auschwitz opened; eventually became the largest of the camps (more than 1.25 million @ Auschwitz alone) – Auschwitz = where Wiesel was initially taken

4. (more background) 1941: Hitler invaded Russia; 1st long battle – Camps became forced labor centers to provide goods/supplies for war effort 1942: “Final Solution” developed at Wannsee Conference. – Final Solution = Jews worked until collapsed & then killed – Experiments with “mercy killings” on mentally ill – Mass murder methods=lethal injection & gas chambers

5. Dietary Issues Malnutrition Starvation Scurvy – Vitamin C deficiency Beriberi – Lack of vitamins & minerals = weak bones & stomach problems

6. Calorie Comparison Activity OBJECTIVES: to investigate how human beings survived under camp and ghetto life's extreme conditions by examining the set rations to recognize the suffering and loss of life experienced in Holocaust ghettos due to food rationing to identify the basic food groups, USDA requirements and compare those to rations of ghetto and camp inmates to recognize the importance of adequate nutrition

7. Calorie Comparison Activity How many calories should we consume each day? How many calories do we consume each day? Compare to what the Jews and other prisoners of concentration camps consumed.

8. Example For one week, a Jew/prisoner might have been rationed: – 14.0 oz bread – 4.5 oz meat products – 1.75 oz sugar – O.9 oz fat This totals to approximately 350 calories a day!

9. Counting Calories?? McDonald’s Cheeseburger = 300 calories Peanut M&Ms = 250 calories Kraft Mac & Cheese (1/4 cup) = 290 calories 1 medium banana = 105 calories ½ cup vanilla ice cream = 150 calories

10. How many calories do I need? Caloric needs are based on several factors: – Age – Sex – Height – Weight – Level of Physical Activity For example, according to www.mypyramid.gov, a 13 year old male, 5 feet 2 inches tall, 115 pounds, physically active 30 to 60 minutes a day needs about 2400 calories per day!www.mypyramid.gov

11. Assignment Time! 1.Determine how many calories you should consume using www.mypyramid.gov.www.mypyramid.gov Go to “My Pyramid Plan” under “Interactive Tools” 2.Keep a Food Diary for 5 days Diaries will be turned in Friday, February 19 th List what foods you ate, when during the day (breakfast, morning snack, lunch, etc.), and how many calories in each food Use Internet resources like www.myfoodapedia.gov (found on www.mypyramid.gov) as well as info you find on the food packages themselveswww.myfoodapedia.govwww.mypyramid.gov

12. My Food Diary DateFood I AteTime of Day # of Calories 2/11Frosted strawberry Pop-Tart Breakfast210 2/11Low-fat chocolate milk Breakfast200 2/11Orange (large)Morning snack 86 Mrs. Malone’s calorie needs: approximately 2400 calories/day 8 ½ months pregnant, female, **years old, 5’3”-ish, ***lbs, light activity level these days! You must make your own chart; you may hand-write it on notebook paper, or use a computer program (MS Word) to create the chart, but it should follow the format above.

13. F.A.Q.s Friday 2/12 – Thursday 2/17 = more than five days, so when do I keep my diary? – Needs to be over 5 consecutive days between now & next Friday! Do I have to write down everything? – Yes, that will make our comparisons more accurate What if I can’t find the # of calories? – Internet has LOTS of resources for this! – Use the next closest food if you can’t find exactly what you ate!

14. F.A.Q.s Does it matter if I go over/under the recommended # of calories? – OF COURSE NOT! YOU ARE NOT ON A DIET! One of our goals is to understand the importance of a balanced diet based on the results provided by www.mypyramid.gov, and while I would encourage you to evaluate how much “junk” you are putting into your system, feel free to eat like you normally eat, just keep a record of it for this assignment!www.mypyramid.gov