1. American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War IV. The War in the Pacific

2. Bell Ringer What is the most important way the use of nuclear weapons has changed the world? What is the most important way the use of nuclear weapons has changed the world? What were some events that led to the war between Japan and the US? What were some events that led to the war between Japan and the US?

3. Objectives Learn about advances Japan made in Asia and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942. Learn about advances Japan made in Asia and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942. See which Allied victories turned the tide of war in the Pacific. See which Allied victories turned the tide of war in the Pacific. Read about the strategy of the US in the struggle to reconquer the Pacific Islands. Read about the strategy of the US in the struggle to reconquer the Pacific Islands. Discover why the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were important. Discover why the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were important. Understand how the Manhattan Project brought the war to an end. Understand how the Manhattan Project brought the war to an end.

4. A)Setting the Scene General Douglas MacArthur – US commander in the Pacific. General Douglas MacArthur – US commander in the Pacific. Japan struck Wake, Guam, and the Clark Field in the Philippines shortly after Pearl Harbor. Japan struck Wake, Guam, and the Clark Field in the Philippines shortly after Pearl Harbor.

5. B) The Japanese Advance, 1941- 1942 Japan hoped by attacking the US we would withdraw and let them have the natural resources Japan hoped by attacking the US we would withdraw and let them have the natural resources Also attacked Britain – Hong Kong and Singapore Also attacked Britain – Hong Kong and Singapore Dutch East Indies and Burma. Dutch East Indies and Burma.

6. a) The Philippines Fall US trapped on the peninsula of Bataan – Navy can’t rescue them US trapped on the peninsula of Bataan – Navy can’t rescue them 80,000 US and Filipino troops forced to walk 60 miles without food or water in tropical heat 80,000 US and Filipino troops forced to walk 60 miles without food or water in tropical heat MacArthur escapes – “I shall return” MacArthur escapes – “I shall return” 20) Bataan Death March: 10,000 US and Filipino troops died on the march off of Bataan 21) Geneva Convention: an international treaty calling for international standards of conduct towards prisoners of war.

7. b) Defending China and Burma China joined the Allies in 1941 China joined the Allies in 1941 American General Stilwell Jiang Jiechi’s Chief of Staff American General Stilwell Jiang Jiechi’s Chief of Staff “Flying Tigers” “Flying Tigers” We loose the Burma Road We loose the Burma Road

8. c) The War at Sea 3 US carriers escaped Pearl Harbor – Lexington, Enterprise, and Saratoga 3 US carriers escaped Pearl Harbor – Lexington, Enterprise, and Saratoga Doolittle Raid – April 1942, bombers flown off of a carrier Hornet bomb Tokyo and land in China – big moral boost Doolittle Raid – April 1942, bombers flown off of a carrier Hornet bomb Tokyo and land in China – big moral boost Japan tries to take Australia Japan tries to take Australia 22) Battle of the Coral Sea: First naval battle fought entirely in the air – draw Did stop the invasion of Australia Did stop the invasion of Australia US looses Lexington and the Yorktown is badly damaged US looses Lexington and the Yorktown is badly damaged Japan looses 1 and 2 others heavily damaged Japan looses 1 and 2 others heavily damaged

9. C) Allied Victories Turn the Tide 23) Battle of Midway: Japan attacks the Islands of Midway – US sink 4 carriers and shoot down 250 planes – US loses 1 carrier (Yorktown) – US wins - Turning point of the Pacific War Battle of Midway Battle of Midway Midway was a US trap – broke code Midway was a US trap – broke code 24) Battle of Guadalcanal: US first offensive in the Pacific – US win

10. D) Struggle for the Islands 25) Island-hopping: US battle plan for Pacific – take selective Islands to get to Japan faster – (runways) US take Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, Tarawa, Marshall Islands and Mariana Islands (B-29) US take Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, Tarawa, Marshall Islands and Mariana Islands (B-29) Admiral Bull Halsey and Chester Nimitz Admiral Bull Halsey and Chester Nimitz 26) Battle of Leyte Gulf – first attack on the Philippines – Japan attacks with everything – US win 80,000 Japanese dead – 1,000 surrendered 80,000 Japanese dead – 1,000 surrendered 27) Kamikazes: suicide planes that deliberately crashed into US ships – not effective Kamikazes “Divine wind” “Divine wind”

11. E) Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima and OkinawaIwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima Iwo Jima US bombed Island for 74 days US bombed Island for 74 days Japan 25,000 – US 110,000 Japan 25,000 – US 110,000 Japan 216 survivors – US 25,000 casualties Japan 216 survivors – US 25,000 casualties US 27 medals of honor US 27 medals of honor Flag on Mt. Surabachi Flag on Mt. Surabachi Okinawa Okinawa Japan 100,000 Japan 100,000 US 180,000 US 180,000 US casualties 50,000 US casualties 50,000 Japan 7,200 survivors Japan 7,200 survivors 350 miles from Japan 350 miles from Japan

12. F) The Manhattan Project Invasion of Japan scared US siliy (400,000) Invasion of Japan scared US siliy (400,000) Albert Einstein wrote a letter to Roosevelt saying an atomic bomb was possible and that the Germans might have one Albert Einstein wrote a letter to Roosevelt saying an atomic bomb was possible and that the Germans might have one 28) Manhattan Project: US program that built an atomic bomb Manhattan Project Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer “Now I have become Death, the destroyer of worlds” J. Robert Oppenheimer “Now I have become Death, the destroyer of worlds” Roosevelt's death Roosevelt's death Roosevelt's death Roosevelt's death

13. The Decision to Drop the Bomb 1) a massive invasion would cost millions of US and Japanese lives 2) A naval blockade – take time –starve 3) A demonstration on a deserted island to pressure the Japanese to surrender 4) Something less then unconditional surrender Interim Committee debated these ideas – Truman said go ahead Interim Committee debated these ideas – Truman said go ahead Wanted the Soviets to see it. Wanted the Soviets to see it.

14. Japan Surrenders August 6 th 1945 – the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima – 80,000 died August 6 th 1945 – the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima – 80,000 died August 9 th – 1945 Nagasaki was hit August 9 th – 1945 Nagasaki was hit August 14 th the Japanese surrendered August 14 th the Japanese surrendered Sept 2 – official signing on the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay Sept 2 – official signing on the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay WWII was over WWII was over

15. Review What advances did Japan make in Asia and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942? What advances did Japan make in Asia and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942? Which Allied victories turned the tide of war in the Pacific? Which Allied victories turned the tide of war in the Pacific? What was the strategy of the US in the struggle to reconquer the Pacific islands? What was the strategy of the US in the struggle to reconquer the Pacific islands? How did the Manhattan Project bring the war to an end? How did the Manhattan Project bring the war to an end?