1. How UKLight was Built Dr. John S. Graham University of London Computer Centre

2. SuperJANET4 North Wales MAN LeNSESWERN Kentish MAN NorMAN YHMAN EMMAN EastNet LMN South Wales MAN TVN MidMAN Northern Ireland NNW C&NL MAN GlasgowEdinburgh WarringtonLeeds ReadingLondon BristolPortsmouth EaStMAN UHI Network Clydenet AbMAN FaTMAN

3. UKLight Topology

4. CoreDirector and MetroDirector K2

5. CN3616

6. Hybrid Optical/Packet Networks IP EthernetHDLC 10 G LAN PHY10 G WAN PHY1 G PHY SDH (G.707) Optical Fibre GFP (G.7041) packetpacket o p ti c a l

7. Ethernet vs TDM FeatureEthernetSDH Guaranteed QOSNo (Packet Switched)Yes (Circuit Switched) Performance Monitoring CRC CountBER ProtectionNone (STP?)APS Fault LocationNoneAIS Access CostsLowHigh

8. Time Division Multiplexing A  Z:1 E  Z:1 E D C B A MUX E D C B A Z 13458 Z 762

9. SDH Network Elements Line TerminatingPath Terminating ADM STM-n DXC STM-n Terminal ADM STM-n PDH Ethernet ATM

10. SDH Model R R ADM DXC ADM Path Layer Connection Line Layer Section Layer

11. Basic SDH Frame Section Line PTR SPE 3 5 27091 Payload Capacity = 2340 Bytes = 149.76 Mb/s

12. Larger SDH Frames VC-4155 Mb/s 150 Mb/s VC-4-4622 Mb/s 600 Mb/s VC-4-4c622 Mb/s 600 Mb/s

13. Provisioning Example A D B E C F 3 - 5 7 9 10 -12 1 ??? STM-4 1 – 12(622 Mb/s)

14. Bandwidth Fragmentation VC-4 Drop Interface (Node F) Ring 268 Blocked! STM-1 STM-4

15. Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) VC-4 Drop Interface (Node F) Ring 268 STM-1 STM-4 VC-3-3v

16. The Magic of VCAT Protocol Client Rate Contiguous Concatenation Virtual Concatenation Ethernet10VC-320%VC-11-7v89% Fast Ethernet100VC-467%VC-3-2v99% Gigabit Ethernet1000VC-4-16c42%VC-4-7v95% ESCON160VC-4-4c26%VC-3-4v83% Fibre Channel 21700VC-4-16c71%VC-4-12v95% ATM25VC-350%VC-11-16c98%

17. GFP: Functional Model Source = IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2002

18. GFP: Frame Structure Source = IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2002

19. Ethernet  GFP  SDH Preamble SFD Destination Source Length/Type Data FCS Core Header Payload Header GFP Payload FCS Path Overhead PTR 1 2 Ethernet Frame GFP Frame SONET/SDH Frame

20. GFP: Frame Delineation PayloadPLIcHECPLIcHECPayload PLIcHECPayloadPLIcHECPayloadPLIcHEC PayloadPLIcHEC

21. GFP: Synchronization HuntPresync Sync cHEC Mismatch 2 nd cHEC Match cHEC Match No 2 nd cHEC Match cHEC Match No CHEC Match

22. International Lightpath Peering Peering at Ethernet Layer –Use non-blocking switch as a DXC –Multiple patch cords Peering at SDH Layer –Single physical connection

23. International Testbed HOPnets VIOLA Project (DFN) –http://www.viola-testbed.de/http://www.viola-testbed.de/ HOPI (Internet2) –http://networks.internet2.edu/hopi/http://networks.internet2.edu/hopi/