1. THE FORGOTTEN WAR First Hot War of the Cold War: Korea, 1950-1953

2. 1. Define “containment.” 2. Speculate whether or not containment will be an effective international policy. Explain in at least 3 – 4 sentences. Quickwrite

3. Background: China  Communist  Mao Zedong  high morale from army & people  containment fails  Nationalist Government  Chiang Kai-shek  corrupt, inefficient  support from the U.S.  NOT troops  1949: Chiang fled to Taiwan NorthSouth

4. Maps are Helpful (even when they’re simple) TaiwanKorea

5. Background: Korea  Japan had ruled Korea since 1910  1943: Cairo Conference: Korea would remain free and independent  Chaing Kai-shek (China)  Winston Churchill (Great Britain)  Franklin Delano Roosevelt (USA)

6. Korea After WWII NorthSouth  surrender to the Soviets  Democratic People’s Republic of Korea  supported by: People’s Republic of China & Soviet Union  occupied by: Soviet troops  surrender to the Americans  Republic of Korea  supported by: United Nations  occupied by: American troops

7. 1949 National Election  failed to hold a free election  North: communist  South: democratic  each side wanted unity but under their own form of government

8. The War (1)  June 25, 1950: North Korea marches across the 38 th parallel  Soviet Union gave military supplies to North Korea and China QW: Why did the Soviets come to the rescue of the North Koreans? Explain in at least 2 -3 sentences.

9. The War (2)  U.N. Security Council votes to assist South Korea  will not take any territory  16 nations send troops  led by American General Douglas Mac Arthur  bulk of air and naval support came from US Truman only wanted to contain communism

10. The War (3)  North Korea captured capital of Seoul  counterattack forced half of North Korean troops to surrender  MacArthur becomes a national hero

11. The War (4)  UN & South Korean forces advance to the 38 th parallel  October 1950: UN advises MacArthur to cross the 38 th parallel  November 1950: push North Koreans back close to the Yalu River  Chinese troops entered North Korea  drive UN forces back  recapture Seoul

12. The War (5)  MacArthur wants to extend the war into China  suggests dropping an atomic bomb in China  wanted to completely destroy communism  Truman says … NO!  “It is the wrong war in the wrong place at the wrong time” -Gen. Omar Bradley  cans MacArthur for insubordination QW: What might have happened if Truman allowed the bombing of China with an atomic bomb?

13. Fighting the War  fight continues for two years  fought with infantry attacks  followed by air bombing raids  January 1951 - July 1953: trenches dug  See! Maps are Fun! See! Maps are Fun! QW: Describe what happens in 2 – 3 sentences.

14. Armistice  July 27, 1953  war ends in a stalemate  38 th parallel divides North Korea and South Korea  Korean Demilitarized Zone  2.5 mile wide buffer zone  U.N. Troops have to evacuate islands off North Korea

15. Box Score  Killed in Action  54, 246 Americans  3,000 UN troops  50,000 South Koreans  1.5 million North Koreans & Chinese

16. Outcome  objective of containment successful  US and U.S.S.R.’s negative feelings escalated  North Korea communist: poor economically and socially  South Korea democratic: booming economy  first time international team fought in another nation’s war

17. Which one of the following was NOT a result of U.S. involvement in the Korean War?  The principle of containment was extended.  The U.S. and the People’s Republic of China became unwavering enemies.  There was a heightened commitment to Southeast Asia.  The containment principle was repudiated as a viable policy.  Containment had been extended toward perversion.

18. Make it Stick Why is the Korean War called “The Forgotten War?” Explain in at least 3 to 4 sentences.