2.  A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages (meaning) between individuals

3.  Made of Symbols  Alphabet, numbers, gestures, verbal sounds  Is Rule Governed  Semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, phonological  Meaning between individuals  Is a process

5.  Meaning  in people not words  Change with time, place, and experience  Denotative- dictionary meaning  Connotative- subjective/personal meanings

7.  Grammar, Accent  Labels  Person’s Name  Title

8.  Affiliation  Jargon and Slang  Attraction and interest  Joe and Jane or Jane and Joe  Responsibility  I versus You messages  You make me mad…I feel angry when…

10.  Linguistic determinism:  Whorf-Sapir Hypothesis   Reflects ▪ Impact of the world on a culture ▪ Eskimos/Snow  Shapes ▪ Understanding of what is important to the culture ▪ Time, Family Relationships

17.  Used to spare one’s feelings  Used to be politically correct  Reflects concerns of a particular group of people  Used to Manipulate feelings, level of responsibility; status

19.  Talk About:  Music, Current Events, Sports, Business  Gossip about  sports figures and media personalities  Conversation  is a game; make it fun  Words:  use swear words, interrupt more  Goal:  Use language as a way to assert control  Reach goals, solve problems, offer advice

20.  Talk About:  Relationship problems, Family, Health, Reproductive matters, Weight, food, Clothing  Gossip About:  Close friends and family  Conversation  is about feelings, relationships  Words:  justifiers, intensive adverbs, talk less in mixed sex dyads  Goal:  Use conversation to meet need for empathy  Use Language to maintain Harmony