1. Lesson 12 Lecture Notes

2. Review  What characterized religious anti- Semitism? What are some examples?  How did Jews think emancipation would effect anti-Semitism? Were they right? Why?  What is political anti-Semitism? What issues characterize it?

3. Anti-Semitism: Part II Why does anti-Semitism exist after emancipation? What does it look like? How is it different from anti- Semitism before emancipation?

4. Racial Anti-Semitism I  Definition: Racial theories developing in Europe linked certain character traits (both good and bad) with genetics. Based on such beliefs some races were good while others were bad. Jews were seen as evil, without any way of changing or redeeming themselves.

5. Racial Anti-Semitism II  Karl Eugen Duehring (1833-1921) Initial proponent of modern racial anti- Semitism “The Question of the Jews is a Question of Race” (1881)  Judaism is not just a religion, but a race  Must define Jews only as a race and keep them out of German society.

6. Racial Anti-Semitism III  Theodor Fritsch (1852-1933) Publicist and politician Excerpt from Antisemitic Catechism -“The Racist’s Decalogue” (1883)  What is the “Decalogue”?  Keep blood pure – Keep your daughters away from Jews.  Do not have business or social dealings with Jews.  Don’t use violence but respond, if necessary, with German rath

7. Racial Anti-Semitism IV  How are Jews characterized in racial anti- Semitism?  Does racial anti-Semitism still exist? In what ways?

8. Anti-Semitic Events I  The Damascus Affair (1840) Capuchin friar vanishes without a trace  Local Jews accused of blood libel  French consul supports the monks  Jewish children removed from homes (kidnapped) Western countries intercede  Jews in Europe and America ask govts for help  International delegation gets Jews released  1 st time world Jewry comes together in this way

9. Anti-Semitic Events II  Jewish Response to Damascus Affair Alliance Israelite Universelle established (1860)  Diplomacy on behalf of persecuted Jews  Assistance to emigrants  Education

10. Anti-Semitic Events III  Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) Son of prosperous Jewish family Grew up in Paris and received a French education Graduated from a military academy and became an officer in the French army  The Dreyfus Affair: Part I (1894) Alfred Dreyfus is accused of selling secrets to the Germans Tried in secret military court Fraudulent charges Found guilty of treason & sent to Devil’s Island

11. Anti-Semitic Events IV  Dreyfus Affair: Part II New evidence found – but court won’t turn over earlier decision “J’Accuse” – Emile Zola (Jan. 13, 1898)  Zola accuses government and calls for new trial  Rouses public to Dreyfus’ support  Zola is found guilty of libel for this article Dreyfus pardoned in 1899 Military rank restored in 1906

12. Wrap Up  How much better off are Jews really in the modern world?  Why does Anti-Semitism continue after Emancipation and what does it look like?  What does Anti-Semitism look like today? Does it follow these patterns or are there new patterns?

13. For Next Week  Read pages 372-448.  Special attention to documents #: 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 16, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27, 31, 36, 37  Think about: How is the experience of Jews in Eastern Europe different from the experience of Jews in Western Europe? How is the experience of Jews in Eastern Europe similar to the experience of Jews in Western Europe?