1. Territorial Cohesion & Potential Debate about whether Territorial Cohesion is about competitiveness (Lisbon agenda) or about social solidarity and balanced development. Debate about whether Territorial Cohesion is about competitiveness (Lisbon agenda) or about social solidarity and balanced development. Green Paper reconciles these ideas through the concept of potential (which I support) Green Paper reconciles these ideas through the concept of potential (which I support) But will realising each places potential produce balanced development? Barca? But will realising each places potential produce balanced development? Barca? What actions follow? And what role can rural – urban linkages play? What actions follow? And what role can rural – urban linkages play?

2. Territorial Cohesion Stimulating position paper... Stimulating position paper... Durkheim saw social cohesion as necessary given the interdependencies resulting from the division of labour in modernity. Durkheim saw social cohesion as necessary given the interdependencies resulting from the division of labour in modernity. Similarly, the spatial division of labour both engenders territorial inequality and so also necessitates territorial cohesion policies. Moreover, it seperates us from the consequences elsewhere of our actions. Similarly, the spatial division of labour both engenders territorial inequality and so also necessitates territorial cohesion policies. Moreover, it seperates us from the consequences elsewhere of our actions.

3. Territorial Cohesion Think of territorial cohesion in terms of the processes which bind places together, preserving a sense of solidarity, shared responsibility and converging well-being; while other (stronger?) processes do the opposite. Think of territorial cohesion in terms of the processes which bind places together, preserving a sense of solidarity, shared responsibility and converging well-being; while other (stronger?) processes do the opposite. An increasing tension arises between interdependence and freedom (Mulgan). An increasing tension arises between interdependence and freedom (Mulgan). Linkages are infused with power, and the power relations are crucial to who benefits. Linkages are infused with power, and the power relations are crucial to who benefits.

4. Processes of territorial cohesion What are the processes of territorial cohesion? What are the processes of territorial cohesion? They might be a territorial analogue of social exclusion/ inclusion, in so far as this focuses on the multidimensional, dynamic processes through which territories converge and cohere, and vice versa. We need to understand these underlying processes, to address causes rather than symptoms. They might be a territorial analogue of social exclusion/ inclusion, in so far as this focuses on the multidimensional, dynamic processes through which territories converge and cohere, and vice versa. We need to understand these underlying processes, to address causes rather than symptoms. How do these processes relate to urban – rural links and interactions? For example... How do these processes relate to urban – rural links and interactions? For example...

5. Processes of territorial cohesion? Market processes Market processes Spatial division of labour; supply chains; labour markets and commuting; housing and land markets; consumer spending (leakages); new firms; etc Spatial division of labour; supply chains; labour markets and commuting; housing and land markets; consumer spending (leakages); new firms; etc State/ bureaucratic processes State/ bureaucratic processes Where is power? Local tax base and equivalisation? Administrative exclusion. Spatial planning; regulation. Where is power? Local tax base and equivalisation? Administrative exclusion. Spatial planning; regulation. Community and voluntary sectors Community and voluntary sectors Institutional capacity. Social movements. Interest groups Institutional capacity. Social movements. Interest groups Friends and Family Friends and Family Social networks, social capital; remittances; knowledge Social networks, social capital; remittances; knowledge

6. Eg. Functional urban regions Often administrative restructuring brings rural areas within broader urban regions, or city-regions. Often administrative restructuring brings rural areas within broader urban regions, or city-regions. the elephant and the ant ? the elephant and the ant ? We heard that the outcome may be policies which adopt the residual rural model or view rural areas as consumption space, rather than a place of endogenous potentiality. Or dont see them at all. We heard that the outcome may be policies which adopt the residual rural model or view rural areas as consumption space, rather than a place of endogenous potentiality. Or dont see them at all. second or third class citizens ? second or third class citizens ? What intervention would transform this linkage to a partnership of mutual gain? (as in Umea) How can the unequal power relations be addressed? What intervention would transform this linkage to a partnership of mutual gain? (as in Umea) How can the unequal power relations be addressed?

7. Where next? Budapest conference identified: Budapest conference identified: Poverty of rural places Poverty of rural places Poverty in rural places Poverty in rural places DG Agri and DG Regio promote the endogenous potential of rural places and both are aware of the value of rural community devt, and networking, as in LEADER. DG Agri and DG Regio promote the endogenous potential of rural places and both are aware of the value of rural community devt, and networking, as in LEADER. DG Employment might be encouraged to develop a new initiative on social inclusion in rural places. DG Employment might be encouraged to develop a new initiative on social inclusion in rural places. Rural - urban interdependence is fundamental but little understanding of processes, and therefore little guidance on what interventions are required. More critical analysis. Rural - urban interdependence is fundamental but little understanding of processes, and therefore little guidance on what interventions are required. More critical analysis.