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The Tudors 1485 - 1603 Fabio Pesaresi fpesaresi@aliceposta.it
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The House of Tudor HENRY VII Arthur + Catherine of Aragon HENRY VIII Elizabeth IEdward VIMary I Margaret + James IV of Scotland James V Mary, Queen of Scots + Lord Henry Darnley James I Stuart (James VI of Scotland)
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HENRY VII 1485 - 1509 Home policy ► Confiscated lands of the nobles defeated or dead in the War ► Avoided war because too expensive ► Popular among middle classes
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HENRY VII Foreign policy: ► Trade agreements with Flanders and Spain ► Strategic marriages: Arthur + Catherine of Aragon Margaret + James IV of Scotland ► Stregthens the fleet
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Arthur dies in 1502 his brother Henry marries his wife Catherine of Aragon obtaining a special dispensation from the Pope
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HENRY VIII 1509 - 1547 ► Renaissance king with a magnificant court ► poet and athlete ► ruthless with enemies
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The Reformation ► Origins: anticlericalism (Lollardy in 12th century) doctrines of Martin Luther clash with the Pope
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The path to the breach with Rome ► 1521: nominated Defensor Fidei ► 1526: Request of dispensation to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn ► Pope Clemente VII denies the dispensation: it is the second one, and he needs Spain against the Reformed princes in Germany
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The breach 1534 Act of Supremacy Henry declares himself Supreme Head of the Church in England
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Consequences of the Reformation ► 1535: Sir Thomas More is beheaded ► more importance given to Parliament ► secretary Thomas Cromwell (known as Malleus Monachorum) advises the suppression of the monastic orders acquisition of their wealth
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The six wives 1. Catherine of Aragon (divorced) Mary 2. Anne Boleyn (executed) Elizabeth 3. Jane SeymourEdward VI 4. Anne de Cleves (divorced) 5. Catherine Howard (executed) 6. Catherine Parr
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Protestantism ► Confiscation of the lands of the Church donated or sold to middle classes ► Translation of the Bible to strengthen the English Church
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The last years of reign ► Progressive cruelty ► Widespread poverty ► inflation
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EDWARD VI 1547 - 1553 ► proceeds towards Protestantism ► Common Book of Prayers ► simpler worship and churches
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Edward VI, his father and the Pope
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