1. Cost-benefit analysis of road construction considering deforestation, Brazil David Schley Will Diaz

2. Cost-benefit analysis  CBA has two purposes:  To determine if it is a sound investment/decision (justification/feasibility),  To provide a basis for comparing projects. It involves comparing the total expected cost of each option against the total expected benefits, to see whether the benefits outweigh the costs, and by how much.

3. Reconstruction  In 2005 the Brazilian Government announced intentions to reconstruct roads  Growth Acceleration Plan (PAC)  This route once connected the capital cities of Porto Velho and Manaus

4. Problem:  Construction and Paving in Brazilian Amazon  Regional Development/ Environmental degradation  Currently requires extensive paving, bridges and reconstruction of an entire 406 km section, which has been virtually impassable since 1986.

5. Scenarios  The Conservation Strategy Fund – CSF, a non-governmental organization, conducted a pre-feasibility study of BR-319 reconstruction using costbenefit analysis – CBA1  Two Scenarios  A “conventional” one, reflecting the approach commonly used in such projects  An “integrated” scenario, where some costs related to deforestation were also considered.

6. Conventional Scenario  Local and regional benefits associated with cargo and passenger transportation savings  Road construction and maintenance costs  Indicated that the project is not economically feasible  Causing net losses of about R$316 million (US$150 million)  Adding Basic implementation and maintenance = 2.5 times higher net loss

7. Integrated Scenario  Deforestation costs are taken into consideration  700% higher estimated net loss (reaching 1.05 billion USD) 6.5 cents benefit to the dollar  Additional deforestation induced by the project: 4.613.400 ha for 25 year period  Predicted lose of the value for the forest: 1. Option value (pharmaceutical bio-prospection) 2. Existence value (willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation) 3. Indirect use (carbon storage)

8.  The real cost of the project is highlighted by providing a CBA approach that considers the economic value for the construction of BR-319  This provides an alternative source of information on the project for: o Public authorities o Decision makers o General public Benefits of CBA

9. Example 1 This study, done by the CSF, directly influenced the decision of the Brazilian Senate Former Minister of Environment, Senator Marina Silva demanded an evaluation of the project by the Brazilian Court Audit This study remains to be a resource for those advocating against the reconstruction of the road, as it allows an important source of information on the cost of this argument.

10. Example 2 The National Public Prosecutor’s Office, an independent public entity that aim to represent and defend public interest, invited the CSF to present the results of their study during a public hearing event. After that, the Nation Public Prosecutor's Office issued a recommendation report to the federal environmental agency, IBAMA, stating flaws in the environmental licensing process. IBAMA has to define whether the project is considered to be environmentally viable under Brazilian legislation.