1. Facilitating the area-based development (ABD) approach in rural regions in the Western Balkans PROJECT Sergio Gomez y Paloma Geertrui Louwagie Fabien Santini Silvia Saravia Matus European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies – AGRILIFE unit 19 th SWG-RRD Meeting – 9 December 2010

2. The Institute for Prospective Technological Studies a directorate of the JRC provides customer-driven support to EU policy making aims at policy challenges that have a socio-economic and science & technology dimension

3. The AGRILIFE unit within IPTS AGRILIFE Unit Actions: SUSTAG / AGRITRADE / AGRITECH

4. General objective: To facilitate local (RURAL) development in the Western Balkans Specific objectives 1.To apply the ABD approach in a selected rural cross-border area in the Western Balkans 2.Disseminate the ABD strategy and action plan to potential donors – MAY 5, 2011 – Belgrade, Serbia 3.Develop a method using the ABD or SIMILAR participatory approaches for other rural areas in the Western Balkans, where such type of intervention may be appropriate The Western Balkan Project

5. The TARGET PILOT AREA Project Target area: Drina-Tara Municipalities: Serbia: Bajina Bašta, Užice, Priboj, Čajetina, Prijepolje, Ljubovja Montenegro: Pljevlja, Bijelo Polje Bosnia-Herzegovina: Višegrad, Srebrebnica, Milici, Bratunac, Rudo, Goražde

6. Administrative Arrangement between DG AGRI and the JRC - IPTS Steering Group: AGRI, ELARG, JRC (meets 5 times) Advisory Board: SWG secretariat, FAO, UNDP, OECD, World Bank (meets 3 times) Financial/Logistical Support: SWG-RRD Field Research Support: School on Local Development, Trento Project IMPLEMENTATION

7. o m3 (Sep 2010): Literature review & Set up of AREA – BASED DEVELOPMENT (ABD) case study target pilot area o m6 (Dec 2010): Preliminary assessment of development situation in pilot target area o m10 (Apr 2011): Completion of ABD approach in pilot target area o m12 (May 2011): Workshop – Donor Conference o m15 (Sep 2011): Final report Project TIMELINE

8. A.Case Study 1. Defining a pilot target area 2. Assessing the development situation the baseline critical needs priority solutions/interventions 3. Defining the ABD intervention main outcome (desired development situation) specific objectives results B. Workshop – Donor Conference C. Methodological Package / Mapping & Identification of potential target areas Participatory Project DEVELOPMENT

9. PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

10. Assessment of the baseline development situation & Identification of critical needs o Data collection / analysis – Use of statistical yearbooks (municipal level) o Identification of development gaps /problems to be addressed through participatory methods: -Survey / Questionnaire – (280 interviewees = 20 * 14 municipalities) -Local Stakeholder Consultation (1/3 business sector, 1/3 public sector, 1/3 civil society) -DELPHI Group Helicopter View (11) BASELINE ASSESSMENT & PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

11. Survey / OCT 2010 PARTICIPATORY APPROACH Q1: Are you satisfied with the socio-economic development progress in your municipality? (Yes/No) Q2: Which are the main obstacles to socio-economic development in your municipality and/or your sector of activity? (Open answer) Q3: What do you think are the main assets for socio-economic development in your municipality in terms of economic sectors and in terms of people and institutions? (Open answer) Q4: What are in your opinion the present limitations of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? What are the possibilities/opportunities? (Options) Q5: Which of the following should be a focus of cross-border interaction with neighbouring countries? (Options) Q6: List three priority actions for promoting development in your area. (Open answer)

12. Survey / OCT 2010 Q1 - Satisfaction PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

13. Survey / OCT 2010 Q2 - Obstacles PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

14. BASELINE ASSESSMENT Survey / OCT 2010 Q3 - Key players

15. BASELINE ASSESSMENT Survey / OCT 2010 Q4 - Obstacles CBC

16. BASELINE ASSESSMENT Survey / OCT 2010 Q5 – Opportunities CBC

17. Survey / OCT 2010 Q6 Key Priorities PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

18. Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators BASELINE ASSESSMENT 2008 Population change (2005-2008) (%) % of upper secondary & higher education on labour force Number of CSOs per 5000 inhabitants Number of firms per 5000 inhabitants Self- employment rate (%) Total length of roads per area (km/km²) % of roads modern surfacing on total roads in municipal territory Bajina Basta0,0376,6412034,11,3841,6 Priboj-4,59,1319428,40,2663,4 Uzice-2,213,91327325,60,6172 Cajetina-1,57,5329827,50,6963,4 Prijepolje-2,27,61123127,30,5249,3 Ljubovija-5,85,84n/a47,10,542,4 Pljevlja07,66109n/a0,4869,8 Bjelo Polje0n/a57n/a 0,4272,8 Visegrad-1,9n/a 2311,70,5725,3 Srebrenica0,3n/a1013n/a0,4213,5 Rudo-2,1n/a 49n/a0,1526,9 Milici-0,5n/a290n/a0,9212,5 Bratunac-0,8n/a10100n/a0,6861,3 Gorazde-1,2n/a57n/a 1

19. Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators BASELINE ASSESSMENT

20. Quantitative Data: (1) Openness & Dynamism Indicators BASELINE ASSESSMENT

21. Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture BASELINE ASSESSMENT 2008Employment rate Hotels and restaurants (% of total registered legal entities) Agricultural land as percentage of total area Share of agricultural population on total population Bajina Basta0,20,00,40,2 Priboj0,30,00,30,1 Uzice0,40,00,50,0 Cajetina0,40,10,60,2 Prijepolje0,20,00,40,1 Ljubovija0,3n/a0,60,3 Pljevlja0,30,00,50,1 Bjelo Polje0,2n/a0,4n/a Visegradn/a0,00,1n/a Srebrenican/a0,10,30,2 Rudon/a0,00,4n/a Milicin/a0,00,4n/a Bratunacn/a0,00,4n/a Gorazde0,20,00,4n/a

22. Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture BASELINE ASSESSMENT

23. Quantitative Data: (2) Diversity of Local Economy & Agriculture BASELINE ASSESSMENT

24. Quantitative Data: (3) Local Government Capacity BASELINE ASSESSMENT Allocation of budget 2008EducationHealth and social workPublic administrationLocal development startegy Bajina Bastan/a Priboj0,500,100,280,08 Uzice0,150,530,070,23 Cajetina0,140,310,410,06 Prijepolje0,660,080,190,02 Ljubovija0,280,250,270,19 Pljevljan/a Bjelo Poljen/a Visegradn/a Srebrenica0,030,040,250,33 Rudon/a Milicin/a Bratunacn/a Gorazde0,00 0,380,26

25. Stakeholder Group - Composition PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

26. Local Stakeholder Consultation: 6 Thematic working groups: -Environmental Protection -Tourism -Infrastructure -Rural development (focus on agriculture) -SMEs & entrepreneurship -Human Resource Development (education & vocational training) 5 meetings: 1NOV – 29 NOV – 20 DEC – 24 JAN – 7 FEB Steps: ID needs – Set priorities – ID inputs – Plan Output & Exit Strategy PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

27. DELPHI Group - Composition PARTICIPATORY APPROACH

28. DELPHI Group - Activities PARTICIPATORY APPROACH 1 st PhaseOCT 2010 Set up & Introduction to the project 2 nd PhaseNOV – DEC 2010 Identification of common development needs & priorities (based on questionnaire findings and baseline assessment) 3 rd PhaseJAN – FEB 2011 Evaluation of key/strategic development actions Contribution to local and international project-related conferences

29. Key OBJECTIVES: - Disseminate the DRINA TARA pilot case study results among the INTERNATIONAL DONOR COMMUNITY - Raise awareness on adapted ABD potential use in other potential target areas in the Western Balkans - Seek commitment to participate in implementation Project Workshop – DONOR CONFERENCE

30. Present an adapted methodology for participatory based development programmes in RURAL & CROSS BORDER areas in the Western Balkans: o Build on the existing (ABD & local development approaches / LEADER / cross border) experiences o Draw lessons from the pilot case study o Prepare a dissemination plan Mapping exercise – Identification of other potential RURAL & CROSS BORDER areas suitable for participatory development interventions Project – METHODOLOGICAL PACKAGE

31. Thank you for your attention

32. Extra slides on PROJECT LITERATURE REVIEW: ABD

33. Afghanistan Rural Rehabilitation Programme (ARRP) Central America – Programme for Displaced Persons, Refugees and Repatriated (PRODERE) Sudan Stabilization and Development Schemes UNDP - ABD Origins (1980s) Project LITERATURE REVIEW

34. ABD Definition ABD targets specific geographical areas in a country, characterised by a particular complex development problem, through an integrated, inclusive, participatory and flexible approach. (Harfst, 2006) ABD Theoretical Background Endogenous Growth Theory / Endogenous Development Participation / Decentralisation Holistic / Multi-sectoral Project LITERATURE REVIEW

35. ABD Implementation & Evaluation When to implement ABD Am I dealing with a clearly identifiable area that has unique or specific problems that sets it apart from other areas in the country and therefore merits special attention? Is the development situation in the area relatively simple (i.e. confined to one sector or issue with clearly identifiable causes and effects or is the situation complex and multi-dimensional where causes and effects are heavily interlinked? (Harfst, 2006) Project LITERATURE REVIEW

36. PAG – Public Administration & Participatory Governance; CPE – Community Participation & Empowerment; BIS – Basic Infrastructure & Services; LED – Local Economic Development; SDA – Social Development & Assistance; CPT – Conflict Prevention & Tolerance Promotion; PIR – Policy & Institutional Reform From theory to practice: ABD Implementation & Evaluation Examples of ABD Evaluation Reports ProgrammeAreaComponents PAGCEBISLEDSDACPTPIR Programme for Rehabilitation and Sustainable Social Development in Bosnia Herezegovina PROGRESS BiH 7 war-damaged municipalities in the northwest of Bosnia Herzegovina XXXXXX Municipal Improvement & Revival Programme – MIR I & II South Serbia - 13 municipalities XXXX Municipal development in South West Serbia project – PRO I & II West Serbia – 8 municipalities XXXX Project LITERATURE REVIEW

37. Other Approaches to Local Rural Development * INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT * PARTICIPATORY NEGOTIATED TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT * COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT * LEADER Project LITERATURE REVIEW LEADER VS ABD Some similarities: area-based / bottom-up integrated & multi-sectoral actions Some differences: no area-specific complex development problem required / not necessarily inclusive (target groups) / poor consideration rural-urban linkages / Rural towns limited to areas with 5 000 - 100 000 inhabitants (< NUTS 3)

38. Experiences of Cross-border Cooperation (CBC) INTERREG-A Factors for successful and effective CBC: legal framework for CBC, quality of partnerships, degree of institutionalisation Project LITERATURE REVIEW

39. Recommendations / Lessons for ABD ABD intervention – design - Accurately define target area - Focus intervention on needs and priorities of the area - Promote early involvement of stakeholders & donors - Ensure unbiased participation - Match resources (time, budget) with objectives - Guarantee coherence: ABD program with macro-situation Project LITERATURE REVIEW

40. Recommendations / Lessons for ABD ABD intervention – Management - Coordinate activities (also across donors) - Monitor and evaluate regularly - Reduce transaction costs - Foresee exit strategy Project LITERATURE REVIEW