1. Principles of Eco-Industrial Development
Strategic Approaches and Best Practice for
Sustainable Industrial Development
ESTP Training Program, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
April 19, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Andreas W. Koenig
© 2007 Andreas W. Koenig, ecoindustry

2. Topics Overview Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis
Need for Action: A Global Approach
EIP: Getting the Terminology Right
Definition of an Eco-Industrial Park / Estate
Worldwide EID Initiatives
Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development
Kalundborg (DK) – The Non-Model EIP
Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks
Future Perspectives of Eco-Industrial Development
How to Begin....

3. Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis
Global Competition for Resources
Rapidly increasing demand for industrial commodities
(oil, gas, steel, copper, skilled workers, containers etc.)
higher cost
potential shortages

4. Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis
Global Climate Change
Irregular Weather Patterns are causing floods, droughts, storm events
higher risk for production safety
higher cost for remediation

5. Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis (2)
Rapid Economic Development
Global economy is changing the rules
Industry in competition for natural resources with urban and rural areas
Emerging and old economies are in direct competition for resources (Europe, USA, Japan, China, India)
Pollution will increase dramatically
China as example for success and failures

6. Why EID? New Concepts in Times of Crisis (2)
Environmental Degradation
Despite international environmental efforts, the state of the world is degrading rapidly
Fish to be exploited by 2030
Agriculture crop production in peril

7. Need for Action: A Global Approach
Circular Economy
Maximum cycling of resources and materials
‚Cradle to Grave‘ stewardship of products
National Policy in Germany, Scandinavia, Japan and China
Eco-Industrial Development
Industrial Ecology as principle for the new economy
Eco-Industrial Parks and Networks as strategy to innovate industrial systems
National EID Programs in UK, China, Korea

8. EIP: Getting the Terminology Right (1)
The Goal: Eco-Industrial Development
Mechanisms:
Industrial metabolism
Industrial symbiosis
‚Greening‘ of supply chains and customer nets
Flexible manufacturing networks
Ecological design   

9. EIP: Getting the Terminology Right (2)
The Goal: Eco-Industrial Development
Types of Development:
Networking of industries in parks, estates and clusters
Focus is local or regional, involve SMEs
Eco-industrial clusters usually involve companies linked to one sector such as Information technology, petrochemicals or food processing
Eco-industrial Parks are planned as industrial parks, zones or districts and often involve multiple sectors

10. Definition of an Eco-Industrial Park / Estate
A community of manufacturing and service enterprises located together on a common property.
Members seek enhanced environmental, economic, and social performance through collaboration in managing resources, environmental and social issues.

11. Worldwide EID Initiatives
Great Britain
U S A
Australia
Philippines
Indonesia
India
Canada
Cape Charles, VA
Mexico
Kalundborg, DK
Italy
Austria
Germany
Netherlands
France
Scandinavia
Taiwan
Japan
Fiji
Thailand
China
Londonderry, NH
Minneapolis, MI
Devens, MA
Halifax. CAN
Puerto Rico
Vietnam
Korea
Spain
Tunisia

12. Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development
Planning of New (Eco)-Industrial Estates
Participatory Planning with community involvement
Planning of ‘best practices’ and build-in synergies
Selling at a premium for first-class work and living environment

13. Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development
Redevelopment of Existing Industrial Estates
Zoning
Brownfield Rehabilitation
Business Incubators
Service Centers
Link to Regional Development
Link to Local Economy

14. Approaches in Eco-Industrial Development
Resource Recovery Parks (Recycling Clusters)
recycling and processing facilities
service area part of an industrial park or in close proximity
up-cycling and waste diversion
energy recovery (Waste-to-Energy)
waste minimization and recycling

15. Kalundborg (DK) – The Non-Model EIP
Industrial Ecology in Practice
Input - Output analysis at the systems level
By-product exchange and energy cascading
Physical connections between production units – close proximity of industry on one site
Systems approach outside an Industrial estate
No management and formal research involved

16. Kalundborg (DK) – The Non-Model EIP
Greenhouses
Sulphuric
acid
maker
sulfur
hot
water
surplus
gases
Statoil
Refinery .
One of Denmark‘s largest refineries with a
capacity of 3-4 million tons / year
process
steam
sulphur
cooling
Asnaes
Power
Station
gypsum
condensate
Cement
Fly ash
City of
Kalundborg
Provides district heating
services to 500 Kalundbotrg
homes
Novo
Nordisk
Produces a significant amount
of the world`s insulin supply
and certain industrial enzymes
ASNEAS
fish
farm.
warm
fertilizer
Local
farmers
Hundreds of farms producing a variety of crops are
located within the area
sludge
Gyproc
Manufactures gypsum-based
wall board
Commissioned in 1959, the coal-fired
plant has a capacity of 1,500 MW
Kalundborg (DK) – The Non-Model EIP

17. Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks
Management by Infrastructure
efficient energy supply
common effluent plants
waste collection and disposal
hazardous waste treatment center
common chemical storage
waste exchange, recycling center, effluent and water recovery
estate-based emergency services
public transport
estate-wide logistics systems
recreation, health and social services

18. Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks
Management by Standards: Londonderry EIP, Manchester, USA
environmental services for industries
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
technology assessment
Environmental Management Systems (EMS – ISO 14001)
energy audits & standards
supply chain management
Global Reporting Initiative
discharge & emission limits, safety standards
emergency preparedness – APELL
Chemical Industry - Responsible Care

19. Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks
Management by Design: Phillips Eco-Enterprise Center, Minneapolis
Green Buildings, greening the supply chain
Zero-Emission Concepts
minimizing the ecological footprint

20. Opportunities for Eco-Industrial Parks
Management by Cooperation: Map Ta Phut, Thailand
information exchange: EID Center / local CP Center
Managers Club
EID-Forum as platform for networking
Joint activities: collective landscaping, training, health care, transportation & logistics, linked emergency services
Waste / by-product exchange systems

21. Future Perspectives of Eco-Industrial Development
Need for definition, labeling, development of missing links and coordination of EID approaches:
Work in Progress !
Industrial Ecology and Eco-Industrial Development are evolving fields of research and practice
Need for combined implementation of proven tools at company and estate level
Beyond Environmental Management & Cleaner Production

22. How to Begin.... Use common sense and innovation
“Nice idea, but it’s not possible” as an excuse to overcome barriers
Technology is never the problem
80-90 % of the tools are out there, and researchers are willing to close the gap
look for the low-hanging fruits
many synergies can be implemented by simple change of procedure & management
...and

23. Always start with a Vision ...