2. Planning and developing new Models for Academic Libraries Thinking differently Online Information and Education Conference, Thailand, Taiwan and China Steve O’Connor October 2005

3. Outline for this talk  Obtain new perspectives on the way in which libraries will develop  Understanding the pressures on the current model of the academic library  Planning for new service models  Explore the Future potential for academic libraries

4. What is a business model??  Why they are important  What are they?  Different models, same industry  Way to differentiate businesses  Often competing for success and/ or dominance  Business models can affect the individual as much as the organisation

5. Role of a Business Model Technical Inputs EconomicOutputs BUSINESS MODEL

6. Role of a Library Model Sources of Inputs Value and information Outputs BUSINESS MODEL

7. Role of a Library Model Sources of Inputs Value and information Outputs BUSINESS MODEL This will vary as more is digital and ‘Free-to-air’

8. Role of a Library Model Sources of Inputs Value and information Outputs BUSINESS MODEL This will vary as more is digital and ‘Free-to-air’ How is the client assisted when they are less likely to be in a physical Library

9. Role of a Library Model Sources of Inputs Value and information Outputs BUSINESS MODEL What is the new Business or Operating Model for the Library ??

10. Main Library-type Environmentals  Changing publisher models  Insatiable information need of users with no recognition of cost  Open Access  Long Tail  Online Learning  Re-inventing the library

11. User as Author Publisher Librarian as funder User as Reader Traditional Publishing cycle

12. User as Author Publisher Librarian as funder User as Reader Traditional Publishing cycle IPR

13. User as Author Publisher Librarian as funder User as Reader Traditional Publishing cycle IPR $$ $

14. User as Author Publisher Librarian as funder User as Reader New Publishing Business Model 1

15. User as Author Publisher Librarian as funder User as Reader New Publishing Business Model 1A

16. User as Author Publisher User as Reader New Publishing Business Model 2 Go direct; pay per view

21. Publisher  What Value ?  To Whom ?  For What ?  For how much ?  Against Whom ?  How ?

22. User as Author Publisher Librarian as funder User as Reader Publishing cycles New and Old IPR $$ $ Go direct; pay per view

23. Open Access.. The current debate  Scholarly Journals  Institutional Repositories  Preservation of Digital resources

24. Current “ Author Pays ” Fees Unsustainable: Mabe Drivers of cost per article: Rejection rates Format Production quality High Print + electronic High Low Electronic only Low All these costs per article have to increased by 33.3% and 16.6% = 50% to account for poorer authors and corporate free riders. This would make the average $5,700 and the Science charge $15,000 per paper, difficult for even funding bodies to afford ScienceCellImmunityBioScienceCancer Cell Est. STM Industry mean Estimated STM industry mean: (John Cox Associates) Estimated costs per article for selected journals: assumes all authors pay $thousands 10.0 9.2 7.6 7.0 6.4 3.8 PloS Au charge BMC Au Charge Courtesy Colin Steele

25. Impact of Internet to create ‘Long Tail’  Music Industry  iTunes, MusicMatch etc  Book Industry  Amazon.com,  INTEREST IN OLDER MATERIALS IS RE- VITALISED  INTEREST IN OLDER MATERIALS BECAUSE THEY ARE AT FINGER TIPS

27. Future Academic Library Models  Should be closely involved with Scholarly publishing in digital form  Creation of Institutional Digital repositories essential  Offer a mix of digital resources…. but deliver all services digitally

28. User as Author Publisher Librarian as funder User as Reader Publishing cycle IPR $$ $

29.  Strength of the Physical Library must not become weakness  Should be working with other libraries to ensure best use of resources  Cataloguing of resources across different libraries  Pools of shared available skills  Shared storage of low-use materials

30. Small independent libraries

31. Networked libraries…Decentralised

33. Learning and Teaching  Focus on integral involvement in Learning and Teaching ‘search and skill’  The Library is primarily the professionals who understand and have navigational skills  Creation and support of Learning resources for students  Merger of BlackBoard and WebCT impact

34. Principles driving Academic Libraries to the Future 1.Historical greatest strength may be greatest weakness Process work, Collections and physical Library 2.Ignore competitors such as Internet, Google at one’s peril Shared skill services and Legacy collections very important 3.Failure to meet customer need Perceptions of need for library

35. What have we seen thus far?  Future models are not unlimited but many options  Remembering that future is very close…and changing  Are collections in our future ?  Publisher now have options, do we ??  Looking for partners, not doing everything ourselves  Planning is essential  Need to take risks, not being risk averse  Knowledge is important, judgement is critical

36. Thank you !