1. Claude Beigel, PhD. Exposure Assessment Senior Scientist Research Triangle Park, USA Practical session metabolites Part III: plenary discussion of results

2. 1 Results Example 1 Visual Evaluation of Goodness of fit (Parent + Metabolite1)

3. 2 Hands-on Example 1 Visual Assessment (Parent + Metabolite1) GraphAssessment / Remarks Parent Overall fit Good, initial scattering ResidualsRandom distribution Metabolite1 Overall fitExcellent ResidualsRandom distribution

4. 3 Hands-on Example 1 Statistical Indices (Parent + Metabolite1) 2 -test Relevant Parameters Estimated (y/n) Number of Parameters Minimum 2 Error Percentage Parent Pini kP yyyy 29.2 Metabolite1 ffM1 kM1 yyyy 24.9 t-test Estimated Value Standard Error Number of Data Points Number of Estimated Parameters P-valueConclusion kP0.05080.0033384<0.001Significant kM10.10180.0320384<0.001Significant

5. 4 Hands-on Example 1 Conclusion and Endpoints (Parent + Metabolite1) SFO model is considered appropriate for both parent and metabolite Trigger endpoints for Metabolite 1: DT50 = 6.8 d and DT90 = 22.6 d Modeling endpoints: kP = 0.0508 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 13.7 d), ffM1= 0.5881 and kM1= 0.1018 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 6.8 d) kP_M = 0.0299 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 23.2 d), kP_S = 0.0209 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 33.1 d), and kM1= 0.1018 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 6.8 d) or

6. 5 Hands-on Example 1 Parent + Metabolite1+ Metabolite2 Initial fit with flow from Metabolite 1 to sink results in formation fraction ffM2 of 0.98 (stepwise fit, parent and M1 parameters fixed) or >1 (simultaneous fit, all parameters free) The question is: should we remove or keep this flow (does Metabolite 1 degrade exclusively to Metabolite 2, or does it form other metabolites and/or bound residues too)? Lets assume that additional information, e.g. a degradation study conducted with Metabolite 1 also suggests 100% formation of Metabolite 2, ffM2 is fixed to 1, i.e. the flow from Metabolite 1 to sink is removed

7. 6 Results Example 1 Visual Evaluation of Goodness of fit (Parent + Met1 +Met2)

8. 7 Hands-on Example 1 Visual Assessment (Parent + Met1 +Met2) GraphAssessment / Remarks Parent Overall fit Good, initial scattering ResidualsRandom distribution Metabolite1 Overall fitExcellent ResidualsRandom distribution Metabolite2 Overall fitExcellent ResidualsRandom distribution

9. 8 Hands-on Example 1 Statistical Indices (Parent + Met1 +Met2) 2 -test Relevant Parameters Estimated (y/n) Number of Parameters Minimum 2 Error Percentage Parent Pini kP yyyy 29.2 Metabolite1 ffM1 kM1 yyyy 25.0 Metabolite2 ffM2 kM2 n (fixed to 1) Y 13.9 t-test Estimated Value Standard Error Number of Data Points Number of Estimated Parameters P-valueConclusion kP0.05070.0021565<0.001Significant kM10.09990.0091565<0.001Significant kM20.01140.0014565<0.001Significant

10. 9 Hands-on Example 1 Conclusion and Endpoints (Parent + Met1 +Met2) SFO model is considered appropriate for parent and both metabolites Trigger endpoints Metabolite1 DT50 = 6.9 d and DT90 = 23.1 d Metabolite2 DT50 = 61.0 d and DT90 = 203 d Modeling endpoints: kP = 0.0507 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 13.7 d), ffM1= 0.5813 and kM1= 0.0999 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 6.9 d), kM2= 0.0114 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 61.0 d), kP_S = 0.0212 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 32.7 d), kP_M = 0.0295 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 23.5 d), kM1_M2 = 0.0999 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 6.9 d), and kM2_S = 0.0114 d -1 ( equivalent to half-life of 61.0 d) or

11. 10 Results Example 2 Visual Evaluation of Goodness of fit (Parent FOMC)

12. 11 Hands-on Example 2, parent FOMC Visual Assessment GraphAssessment / Remarks Parent Overall fitExcellent ResidualsRandom distribution Metabolite Overall fitExcellent ResidualsRandom distribution

13. 12 Hands-on Example 2, parent FOMC Statistical Indices 2 -test Relevant Parameters Estimated (y/n) Number of Parameters Minimum 2 Error Percentage Parent Pini P yyyyyy 35.5 Metabolite ffM kM yyyy 24.1 t-test Estimated Value Standard Error Number of Data Points Number of Estimated Parameters P-valueConclusion kM0.02000.0019385<0.001Significant

14. 13 Hands-on Example 2 Conclusion and Trigger Endpoints (Parent FOMC) SFO model is considered appropriate for metabolite in combination with FOMC model for parent Trigger endpoints for Metabolite: DT50 = 34.7 d and DT90 = 115 d Endpoints for PEC soil calculations: P = 0.9425, P = 4.436, ffM= 0.8018 and kM= 0.0200 d -1

15. 14 Results Example 2 Visual Evaluation of Goodness of fit (Parent DFOP)

16. 15 Hands-on Example 2, Parent DFOP Visual Assessment GraphAssessment / Remarks Parent Overall fit Excellent up to DT90, slight overestimation afterward Residuals Random distribution up to DT90 Metabolite Overall fitExcellent ResidualsRandom distribution

17. 16 Hands-on Example 2, Parent DFOP Statistical Indices 2 -test Relevant Parameters Estimated (y/n) Number of Parameters Minimum 2 Error Percentage Parent Pini g k1 k2 yyyyyyyy 46.5 Metabolite ffM kM yyyy 23.6 t-test Estimated Value Standard Error Number of Data Points Number of Estimated Parameters P-valueConclusion k10.32270.0613386<0.001Significant k20.03400.0064386<0.001Significant kM0.02160.0021386<0.001Significant

18. 17 Hands-on Example 2 Conclusion and Modeling Endpoints (Parent DFOP) SFO model is considered appropriate for metabolite in combination with DFOP model for parent Modeling endpoints (higher Tier approach based on parent DFOP): g = 0.5509, k1 = 0.3227 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 2.15 d), k2 = 0.0340 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 20.4 d), ffM= 0.8332 and kM= 0.0216 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 32.0 d)

19. 18 Results Example 2 Visual Evaluation of Goodness of Fit (Metabolite Decline)

20. 19 Hands-on Example 2, Metabolite Decline Visual Assessment GraphAssessment / Remarks Metabolite decline Overall fit Good, slight underestimation at last time points ResidualsNo distinct pattern

21. 20 Hands-on Example 2, Metabolite Decline Statistical Indices 2 -test Relevant Parameters Estimated (y/n) Number of Parameters Minimum 2 Error Percentage Metabolite Mmax kM yyyy 25.7 t-test Estimated Value Standard Error Number of Data Points Number of Estimated Parameters P-valueConclusion kM0.02160.0021122<0.001Significant

22. 21 Hands-on Example 2 Conclusion and Endpoints (Metabolite Decline) SFO model is considered appropriate for metabolite decline Metabolite decline rate may be used as worst-case estimate for trigger endpoints Trigger endpoints: DT50 = 49.7 d and DT90 = 165 d (compared to DT50 = 34.7 d and DT90 = 115 d from actual degradation rate) Decline rate may also be used as modeling endpoint for metabolite, if calculated from maximum observed Modeling endpoint: kM= 0.0139 d -1 (equivalent to half-life of 49.7 d)