1. Air Quality and Transport Study of the Los Angeles Basin Bo Tan M.S Student Department of Atmospheric sciences University of Nevada Reno – Desert Research Institute

2. CO NO x SO x Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) Total Organic gas PM2.5 486.6 96.7 15.9 102.7 218.1 26.3 Tons per day (2010)1987 http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/fcemssumcat_query.php 9796 889.5 113.5 2429

3. Air Quality City Smog –Industrial Emission (point source)  VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds  SO x : Sulfur oxides  [Na 2 CO 3 (s)]: soda ash –Exhaust Emission (mobile source)  CO: Carbon Monoxide  [NO 2 (g)]: Nitrogen oxides  [O 3 (g)]: Ozone

4. VOC production

5. Size Distribution Number of particles in Red Area of particles in dashed lines Volume of particles in dotted lines Claremont, California, August 1987

6. PM2.5

7. Health Impact with PM2.5 Sensitive Areas –Near freeway / high traffic area –Airport / harbor –Downwind from industry Sensitive Groups –Asthma / other lung diseases –Children / Older adults –Chronicle outdoor workers

8. Don’t live near freeways!!

9. 2007 Statistics 6.5k premature death 1.3million school absence days 2.8million working days 1.7 million asthma patients 9000 hospitalized related to respiratory illness

10. Los Angeles Air Quality Index

11. 2002 AQI

12. Current LA Emissions vs. World Emissions SOx 2002 Data is in (ug/m^3), 150 ug/m^3 per column In many countries, the Sulfur content is highly restricted fuel, and power production restrictuions Many cities stopped monitoring sulfur concentration Bottom city Guiyang, China Top City Nice, France

13. Current LA Emissions vs. World Emissions NOx 60 ug/m3 pre column Bottom city Kiev Ukraine Top city Porto, Portugal

14. Current LA Emissions vs. World Emissions O 3 200(ug/M^3) pre column L.A O 3 concentration Riverside O 3 concentration

15. Current Monitors EPA –CO –NOx –SOx – O 3 –PM 2.5 –PM 10 –Lead –Facility monitoring www.epa.gov/air/data/geosel.html AQMD –Collaboration from multi-agencies –Local –National –forecast maps –current conditions www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action =airnow.fcsummary

16. Geography

17. L.A Ozone trend

18. Azusa Ozone trend

19. Upland Ozone trend

20. sixteen year projection with national standard

21. L.A Geography

22. Local Meteorology Initial stage Initial Mixing Development Stabilization

23. Initial Stage Stratified Atmosphere Diminishing Land breeze Start Valley breeze LAX WHIT ANAH ONT 8AM Time

24. Initial Mixing After morning traffic Initial sea breeze LAX WHIT ANAH ONT 12PM

25. Development Marine Layer propagation Max temperature contrast LAX WHIT ANAH ONT 3PM Time

26. Stabilization Marine Layer propagation Return Flow LAX WHIT ANAH ONT 5PM Time

27. Effects Wind Speed Soil Moisture Temperatures

28. Soil Moisture NGEs: Normalized gross errors, NG: normalized biases,

29. Soil Moisture Low Soil Moisture Destabilize BL Increase Mixing Decrease Pollutants Concentration High Soil Moisture Stabilize BL Decrease Mixing Increase Pollutants Concentration

30. Soil Effect Base Simulation 15% Soil Moisture 23% Soil Moisture

31. O 3 Concentration

32. Geography Hawthorne

33. CO NO x SO x Reactive Organic Gases (ROG) Total Organic gas PM2.5 486.6 96.7 15.9 102.7 218.1 26.3 Tons per day (2010)1987 http://www.arb.ca.gov/app/emsinv/fcemssumcat_query.php 9796 889.5 113.5 2429

34. Transport

36. Increasing secondary pollutants

37. Weekend Effect

38. Summary L.A air quality –Chemistry –Health effect –Historical trend –Compare to the world –Future projection L.A meteorology –Dinural evolution –Effects of primary and secondary pollutants –“ The Weekend Effect”