1. Unit I: Foundations of Geography

2. I. The Five Themes of Geography A. Geography: the study of the Earth 1. Where are things located? 2. Why are they there? B. Five themes help organize information about Earth and its people

3. C. Location: where a place is 1. Cardinal directions 2. Intermediate directions 3. Latitude and longitude

4. D. Region: area with unifying characteristics 1. climate 2. land 3. population 4. history

5. E. Place: includes human and physical features at a specific location 1. climate 2. land 3. population 4. work 5. religion 6. language F.Movement: how people, goods, and ideas get from one place to another; cultural change G.Human-Environment Interaction: how people affect their environment

6. Journal Entry Predict, how might a geographer use each of the five themes to describe the city where you live?

7. II. Types of Maps A. Political Map: shows the boundaries of countries, states, cities, etc. B.Physical Map: shows features of the earth’s surface

8. III. Parts of a map A. Title- tells the subject of the map

9. B. Compass Rose- shows direction

10. C. Key/Legend-indentifies all of the symbols and coloring on the map

11. D. Scale Bar-shows you how distances on the map compare to the actual distances.

12. IV. Latitude and Longitude A. Latitude 1. lines run east and west 2. measure distances north and south from the equator 3. Equator-zero degrees 4. Tropic of Cancer-23 ½ degrees N 5. Arctic Circle-66 ½ degrees N 6. North Pole-90 degrees N 7. Tropic of Capricorn-23 ½ degrees S 8. Antarctic Circle-66 ½ degrees S 9. South Pole-90 degrees S

13. B. Longitude 1. lines run north and south 2. measure distances east and west from the Prime Meridian 3. Prime Meridian-zero degrees 4. International Date Line-180 degrees

14. V. Time Zones A. Earth is divided into 24 time zones for each hour in a day B. There are 360 degrees in a sphere C. Each time zone is 15 degrees D. It takes the sun one hour to cross15 degrees of the rotating earth

16. E. International Date Line-new day begins when you cross the I.D.L. traveling west

17. Time Zone Websites http://www.worldtimezone.com/ http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SOC 3702 http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SOC 3702 http://www.ixl.com/math/grade-5/time-zones

18. Time Zone Word Problem An airplane left New York at 9:15 a.m. to travel to London. If the flight took 5 hrs. 45 min., what was the local time when the plane landed in London? 8:00 p.m. Now work with your team to create a time zone word problem for your classmates to solve!

19. VI. Climate: the usual or average weather a region receives over many years

20. VII.Environment A. The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives B. Physical features and climate create environment C. Natural 1. deserts 2. tropical rain forests D. Human-made 1. cities 2. roads, bridges

21. VIII. Economy: the wealth and resources of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods A.Producers B.Consumers C.Goods D.Services E.Industry 1. primary 2. secondary 3. tertiary 4. quaternary

22. IX. Ethnic Diversity A. Ethnic group: group of people who share common features or characteristics B. Culture: how people live; what makes them who they are 1. customs 2. beliefs 3. language 4. clothing 5. food 6. housing 7. music 8. religion C. Diversity: many, or a variety of

23. Journal Entry What ethnic group are you a member of? Describe some of the cultural traits of your ethnic group.