1. Respiration 1
Respiration

2. What you will learn about
Respiration 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
How exercise affects breathing
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Oxygen debt

3. Respiration 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you should be able to:
Understand what respiration is
Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Explain how each type of respiration works

4. Respiration 4
Respiration
Respiration is when exercise causes muscles to release energy in the form of glucose.
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration convert glucose into energy.

5. Respiration 5
The body can use both types of respiration depending on the intensity of the exercise.

6. How exercise affects breathing
Respiration 6
How exercise affects breathing
At rest, we take an average of 15 breaths per minute. This is called the tidal volume.
When you exercise you need more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide.
In extreme activity the breathing rate can go up to 50 breaths per minute.

7. Respiration 7
The amount of oxygen taken in can increase. The limit to the increase is called the VO2 maximum.
During exercise, the vital capacity will increase because of the demand for greater intake of air. Both the residual volume and the tidal volume increase only slightly.

8. Respiration 8
Aerobic respiration
During aerobic respiration your heart and lungs work to supply the muscles with oxygen.
The aerobic system is used in moderate to hard continuous activities.

9. glucose + oxygen = CO2 + H2O + energy
Respiration 9
The equation for respiration is:
glucose + oxygen =
CO2 + H2O + energy

10. Respiration 10
As long as enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles you can use the aerobic system.

11. Anaerobic respiration
During anaerobic respiration the muscles are NOT supplied with oxygen.
glucose + NO oxygen
lactic acid + energy

12. Athletic field events are good examples of anaerobic exercise.
Respiration 12
Athletic field events are good examples of anaerobic exercise.
These activities use one all-out burst of maximum effort to complete the event; the time it takes to complete the attempt is very short.

13. Respiration 13
The demand for oxygen is so great that the cardiovascular system does not have time to supply the demand.
When an athlete stops after a sprint, they continue to breathe more heavily for a while to take in ‘extra’ oxygen.
This is in order to break down the accumulated lactic acid, which makes your muscles feel tired.

14. Respiration 14
The shortage of oxygen is called oxygen debt, and the body is paying back the oxygen built up during the sprint.

15. Respiration 15
Working together
Both the aerobic and anaerobic respiration systems work together.
For the first part of an activity the body tends to work in an anaerobic way until the body has had a chance to process and use the oxygen it is breathing in.
The aerobic system then takes over for activities lasting longer than a minute.

16. Respiration 16
Task
With a partner, make a list of the positive and negative effects of aerobic and anaerobic training on performance.
For each effect add a detailed sporting example.

17. Short-term effects on exercise
Respiration 17
Short-term effects on exercise
Blood flow reduced to areas not in use
Tidal volume increases
Fatigue in muscles
Oxygen debt
Gaseous exchange in alveoli
Aerobic respiration

18. Stroke volume increases as the heart sends out more blood per beat
Respiration 18
Stroke volume increases as the heart sends out more blood per beat
Air exhaled to stop build up of carbon dioxide
Heart beat increases
Waste water released from the body as sweat on surface of the skin
Release of energy
Adrenaline released

19. Long-term effects on exercise
Respiration 19
Long-term effects on exercise
Endurance training makes the exchange of gases in the alveoli more efficient.
The muscles are able to work at a moderate to hard level for longer without tiring, which increases the vital capacity of the lungs.

20. The overall effect is called an oxygen debt tolerance.
Respiration 20
Interval training over short distances at fast speeds results in an oxygen debt.
By continuing this form of training new capillaries are formed, heart muscles are strengthened and the delivery of oxygen is improved, helping to stop the build up of lactic acid.
The overall effect is called an oxygen debt tolerance.

21. Respiration 21
Exam questions
What are the two energy production systems used by the body when taking part in sport?
What sports does aerobic respiration help most effectively? Give two examples.
Teacher’s notes Q1
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Q2
Students should provide suitable sporting examples that link to stamina and longer duration activities such as marathon runners.

22. What you have learnt in this topic:
Respiration 22
What you have learnt
in this topic:
How exercise affects breathing
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Oxygen debt

23. Learning objectives You should now be able to:
Respiration 23
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
Understand what respiration is
Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Explain how each type of respiration works