1. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Chapter 16 Consultation and Collaboration You must be the change you wish to see in the world. Mahatma Gandhi

2. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Define consultation and collaboration Discuss models of consultation Talk about roles of consultants Explain collaboration Outline ways to build teams Describe assessment types and instruments

3. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Consultation A process in which the counselor works with (parent, teacher, administrator) with the goal of positive change in the child Voluntary problem-solving process with goals of enhanced services and improved functioning

4. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Consultation with Children Typical tasks involve the following: professional development workshops assisting teachers providing resources interpreting information consult with other specialists

5. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Mental Health Consultation Focus on primary prevention and helping professionals as well as others Interaction between 2 professionals Consultant an expert, diagnoses a problem and provides a solution

6. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Mental Health Consultation Client-centered case consultation Consultee-centered case consultation Program-centered administrative consultation Consultee-centered administrative consultation

7. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Process Consultation A skill, interest in how things happen rather than what is done Set of activities to help the consultee perceive, understand, and act upon events within one’s environment focus on how problems are solved and the system in which they occur

8. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Process Consultation Consultant and consultee examine six areas: Communication patterns Group member roles Group problem solving and decision making Group norms and growth Leadership and authority Intergroup cooperation and competition

9. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Behavioral Consultation More structured model; application of systems theory and principles of learning to a problem- solving process: Problem identification and analysis Selection of target behavior Behavioral objectives Plan, design, implementation Evaluate of behavioral change program

10. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Cross-Cultural Consultation Ingraham (2000) suggests Support consultee success Value multiple perspectives Create emotional safety and support

11. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Cross-Cultural Consultation Brown, Pryzwansky and Schulte provide questions to assess Hierarchy Who should be involved What leads to use Allowing the right not to participate

12. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning The Consulting Process 1.Pre-entry look at oneself to see if you are right for the task and services to be provided 2.Entry, problem exploration and contracting learn about needs, presenting problem, people involved, previous interventions, and expectations of seeker

13. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning The Consulting Process (Cont.) 3.Diagnosis stage Information gathering, problem confirmation, goal setting, and potential interventions 4.Solution searching and intervention selection avoid favorite paradigm consider human and structural factors

14. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning The Consulting Process (Cont.) 5.Evaluation Ensures professional effectiveness Were goals achieved? Did interventions work?

15. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning The Consulting Process (Cont.) 6.Termination Describe what was and was not successful Look for areas of improvement

16. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Myrick’s approach 1.Identify the problem clearly. 2.Clarify the situation. 3.Determine the desired outcome. 4.Gather any needed information. 5.Develop a plan of action. 6.Evaluate and revise as needed.

17. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Consultation Interventions Role Shift o changing one’s behavior to elicit behavior change in another person Logical Consequences o experience natural consequence rather than punishment o teach rules of society

18. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Consultation Interventions Listing of Behaviors Isolation Techniques o unacceptable behavior results in removal from group o quiet place, but not out of sight o if worse, time out room

19. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Collaboration Friend and Cook (2000) definition: A style for direct interaction between 2 co-equal parties voluntarily engaged in shared decisions making process as they work towards a common goal.

20. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Collaboration Five stages of problem solving for collaborative consultation: 1.Coming together 2.Defining a shared vision 3.Developing a plan 4.Taking action 5.Evaluating progress

21. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Guidelines on whether to use collaboration or consultation Determine how the two services are viewed by the consumer Counselor should reflect on their personal reactions to the two services and comfort with each Collaboration may be method if parameters of consultation impossible Fundamental to choice is nature of problem, the context in which it occurs and the skills of everyone involved.

22. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Reasons for Collaboration Collaborative efforts may involve nurturing relationships to: increase resources enhance effectiveness decrease fragmentation cost efficiency

23. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Teaming Specialized work purpose Have shared goals and are interdependent Each team member is aware of the focus, the responsibilities and the pal for accomplishing the task

24. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Assessment as an Intervention Counselors often use a variety of tools to help understand children Some of the more commonly used assessment tools are interviews, case histories and behavioral observations

25. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Mental Status Exam Observations include: 1.General appearance, behavior, attitude 2.Speech characteristics and thought process 3.Emotional status and reactions 4.Content of thought

26. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Mental Status Exam (Cont.) Observations include: 5.Orientation and awareness 6.Memory 7.General intellectual functioning 8.Insight 9.MSE Summary

27. © 2011 Brooks/Cole, A Division of Cengage Learning Formal Tests Intelligence Tests Projective Techniques Achievement Tests Aptitude Tests Other tests, surveys, or scales