1. Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose
Light energy*  Chemical bond energy (ATP*)
ATP* hydrolysis  ADP + Pi + energy*
6CO H2O (H source) + energy*  glucose*

2. To synthesize organic molecules, it takes energy and reducing power.
ATP
Source of attachable H.

3. To retrieve energy from glucose:
1. strip away high energy electrons from the chemical bonds of glucose
2. this is oxidation (loss of electrons)
3. cellular respiration is a two-step process:
remove electrons
use the energy in those electrons

5. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of all living organisms
enzymatic splitting of glucose
yields 2 pyruvates
net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH*

7. Substrate-level phosphorylation
Net gain of 2 ATP per glucose

8. 2 electrons removed and carried on NADH x2

9. Pyruvate oxidized (by NAD+)
One C removed as CO2
Coenzyme A is added
Leaves acetyl-CoA

10. Acetyl-CoA can have many fates:
ATP synthesis (in mitochondrial matrix)
fat synthesis
lipid synthesis
amino acid synthesis

11. 2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
original 4-C sugar

13. Electron Transport System

14. Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
source of high-energy electrons
used electrons cannot be recycled in mitochondria

16. Net results

17. ATP production decreases when ATP is plentiful.

19. Animal cells convert pyruvate to lactic acid in the absence of O2
Makes NAD+ available so glycolysis can continue

20. Yeast cells convert pyruvate to ethanol in the absence of O2