1. 2.7 Cells use ATP molecules to get energy. Cells need energy for many functions. The source of energy is ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP undergoes a chemical reaction that releases energy. ATP + H 2 O → ADP + P + energy TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.7 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life

2. TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 19. What does ATP stand for, and what type of molecule is it? 20. How is ATP used in cells? 21. Describe the reaction in which ATP releases energy. Concept 2.7 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life Pause and Check

3. 2.8 Cellular respiration makes ATP. Aerobic cellular respiration is one way plant and animal cells make ATP. The overall process is TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.8 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life The numerous reactions involved occur in two stages: 1.Glycolysis, which takes place in the cytosol. 2.Oxidative respiration, which takes place in mitochondria.

4. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol involves many reactions that o split each glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules (pyruvate) o form 2 molecules of ATP TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.8 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life

5. Oxidative Respiration Pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondrion. A series of chemical reactions involving oxygen break pyruvate down to carbon dioxide and water. As many as 34 ATP molecules can be produced for each glucose molecule. TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.8 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life

6. Overall process of aerobic cellular respiration TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.8 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life

7. Food Molecules and the Production of ATP TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.8 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life

8. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Some organisms, such as plants, produce their own food by photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts and involves using energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.8 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life Plants also use oxygen to make ATP by aerobic cellular respiration, but they produce more oxygen than they use.

9. Fermentation Some organisms can survive where there is little or no oxygen. Fermentation is the production of ATP in the absence of oxygen. Glycolysis produces two pyruvates from each glucose molecule. Then reactions such as alcoholic fermentation or lactic acid fermentation produce ATP. TO PREVIOUS SLIDEPREVIOUS UNIT 1 Concept 2.8 Chapter 2: The Cell Up Close: Processes That Sustain Life This is how alcohol is made – yeast ferment the wheat, grapes etc. This what your muscles do if you exercise too strenuously.