1. The European World Why Europeans Sought a New World, and a New Life

2. 6 Factors Shaped Europe Feudalism Crusades Growth of Cities/ Money Economy Renaissance Reformation Growth of Technology

3. Feudalism After Roman Empire fell apart, Viking warriors controlled Northern Europe – pillaged, burned, terrorized To keep stability, feudal lords protected and controlled land/“manors” Serfs were tied to land/ served lords Catholic Church controlled spiritual and daily lives of Christians

4. Crusades Islam –arose in 600 A.D. –spread across N. Africa, Spain –captured Jerusalem – holy city for Christians, Muslims and Jews Catholic church organized Crusades against Muslims in the middle east (1096-1291) The crusaders lost, but the crusades: –Increased Europeans’ awareness of world –Created demand for Asian goods –Created a shipping/trading industry

5. Growth of Cities/ Money Economy Crusades/ Marco Polo created demand for foreign goods Merchants set up centers of trade, leading to development of new cities Merchants artisans = new middle class Created a money economy Eventually broke down feudal system Increased power of monarchs

6. Renaissance - rebirth Rise of Universities led to new curiosity New translations of Greek & Roman works Black Death led to loss of religious faith Wealth of merchants created demand for art Printing press led to greater distribution of knowledge/ literature Created a new drive to know and learn more – to experiment and try out new ideas

7. Reformation New translations of the Bible, printing press, anger at Church corruption lead to protest against church Martin Luther creates protestant movement Henry VIII/ Elizabeth I make England a protestant nation Leads to creation of a lot of smaller religion groups

8. Seafaring Technology Portuguese, seeking to develop new trade routes with Asia, sail to & around Africa Develop knowledge of ocean wind patterns Compass, astrolabe & quadrant Greater knowledge of astronomy Creates ability to sail across oceans Creates competition between Portugal & Spain