1. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire
Chapter 16
section 4

2. Key Terms
Pachacuti
Ayllu
Mita
Quipu

3. Inca Beginning Lived in high plateaus in the Andes
Valley of Cuzco 1200’s
Rulers were descended from the sun god Inti
Bring prosperity and greatness
Men from one of eleven families could serve
Believed to be descendants of the sun god

4. Pachacuti Builds an Empire
1438 Pachacuti took the throne
Inca conquered all of Peru
1500 Inca empire stretched 2,500 miles on western coast of South America
“Land of Four Quarters” 80 provinces 16 million people

5. Pachacuti Builds an Empire
Used diplomacy and conquest
Before attacking offered an honorable surrender
Keep customs and rulers in exchange for loyalty
Many states gave up without resistance
Once defeated Inca tried to gain loylaty

6. Incan Government Creates Unity
Extensive road system
Rulers divided their territory
Quechau- official language
Founded schools to teach the Incan ways
Groups identified by certain patterns of clothing

7. Incan Cities Show Government Presence
Built many cities in conquered areas
Architecture was the same throughout the empire
All roads led to the capitol
Cuzco-stone homes, stones fit together without mortar

8. Incan Government Total control over economic and social life
Regulated production and distribution of goods
Inca allowed little private commerce
Allyu- communinty cooperation

9. Incan Government
Ayllu-extended family, undertook tasks not too big for one family
Irrigation canals
Cutting agricultural terraces
Stored food to distribute during hard times
Families divided into groups of 10, 100, 1000, 10,000

10. Incan Government A chief led each group
Chain of command stretched all the way to Cuzco
Inca ruler and council of state held court
If a group resisted Inca control the were relocated

11. Incan Government Main demand was for tribute (usually labor)
Mita- was the labor tribute
Have to work for the state a certain number of days
Incan system more like socialism or modern welfare state

12. Incan Government Aged and disabled taken care of by the state
State fed people
Freeze-dried potatoes (chunos)
Stored in warehouse for food shortages

13. Public Work Projects 14,000 mile road program Paved to simple paths
Built guest houses and shelters along the road
Chasquis- traveled the road as a postal service
Easy way to move troops

14. Government Record-Keeping
Inca never developed a writing system
History and literature done through oral tradition
Quipa- series of knots used as an accounting system

15. Government Record Keeping
Position of knots and colors meant different things
Res strings- warriors
Yellow strings-gold
Inca had two different calendars
Gods ruled the day and the time

16. Religion Supports the State
Worshipped fewer gods
Key nature spirits
Moon
Stars, thunder
Viracocha- the creator
Sun worship amounted to worshipping the king

17. Great Cities Temple of the sun , Cuzco most sacred Decorated in gold
Gardens of plants and animals made out of gold and silver
Walls of several buildings covered in gold

18. Great Cities Hiram Bingham in 1912 found Machu Picchu
Isolated and mysterious
Religious center
Retreat for rulers of Pachacuti

19. Discord in the Empire 1500’s Huayan Cupac ruler Inca’s at their peak
Received a gift in Ecuador
Filled with butterflies and moths (bad omen)
Few weeks later died of small pox

20. Discord in the Empire Empire split by his sons
Atahualpa received Ecuador (1/5 of empire)
Huascar received the rest
Soon Atahulpa claimed the whole empire
Fought each other
Tore empire apart