1. Propylene Oxide Production Done By: Salem Alkanaimsh Mohammed AlBannay Amer Alnajdi Sabah Alfadly Bader AlRashdi Prof. M. Fahim Eng. Yousef Ismael

2. Table Of Contents Introduction. Manufacturing processes. Properties of Raw materials. Properties of Final Products. Uses & Applications.

3. Table Of Contents Introduction. Manufacturing processes. Properties of Raw materials. Properties of final Products. Uses & Applications.

4. Introduction What is Propylene oxide? Physical & Chemical Properties.

5. Propylene Oxide An organic toxic flammable compound. An epoxide having a molecular formula of C 3 H 6 O. Its importance is based on the compounds derived from it. There are a lot of industrial processes for manufacturing.

6. Physical Properties Molecular FormulaC3H6OC3H6O Molar Mass58.08 g/mol N. Boiling Point34 o C Heat Of Vaporization27.89 KJ/mol Density0.8245 g/mL Vapor Pressure58.1863 KPa AppearanceColorless Liquid

7. Chemical Properties Reactions with : 1. Water. 2. Amines & Ammonia. 3. Carbon Dioxide. 4. Hydrogen Sulfide & Mercaptans. 5. Grignard Reagent.

8. Manufacturing Processes Industrial, and non-Industrial. Industrial Processes: 1. Chlorohydrin process. 2. Indirect Oxidation of propylene. Non-Industrial Processes: 1. Direct Oxidation of propylene. 2. Electrochemical Process.

9. Indirect Oxidation Of propylene Uses peroxide compounds. 1. Hydroperoxide (R-OOH). 2. Peracids (R-C-OOH). Acids or alcohols are co-products.

10. Indirect Oxidation of Propylene 3 different industrial processes. Peroxide FeedstockEpoxidation CoproductCoproducts Derivate AcetaldehydeAcetic acid- IsobutaneTert-butyl alcoholIsobutylene Ethyl benzenea- phenylethy alcoholStyrene

11. Epoxidation by using ethyl benzene

12. Produces PO & Styrene. Has 4 steps: 1. Ethyl benzene Oxidation 2. Propylene Epoxidation: 3. Acetophoene Hydrogenation: 4. MBA Dehydration:

13. Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials: 1. Propylene 2. Air 3. Ethyl benzene Final Products: 1. Propylene Oxide. 2. Styrene.

14. Properties of Raw materials. CompoundMwt g/mol Boiling point o C Density g/cm 3 Propylene 42.081 -480.612 Air 28.95 -194.50.00122 Ethyl benzene106136.20.8665

15. Final Products (Styrene) Physical properties: Manufacturing Processes: 1. Dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene. 2. Co-Product with PO. Mwt104.15 g/mol Boiling Point145 o C Density0.909 g/cm 3 Viscosity0.762 cP

16. Expoxidation by using Isobutane

17. Produces PO & MTBE. Has 4 Steps: 1. Oxidation of Isobutane: 2. Propylene Epoxidation: 3. Tert-butanol dehydration: 4. Producing MTBE:

18. Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials: 1. Propylene. 2. Air 3. Isobutane. Final Products: Propylene oxide. MTBE.

19. Properties of Raw materials & Final Products. Isobutane: MTBE: Mwt58.124 g/mol Boiling Point-11.57 oC Density2.52 Kg/m 3 Vapor pressure489 KPa Mwt88.15 g/mol Boling Point55.2 oC Density0.74 g/cm 3 AppearanceColorless liquid

20. Epoxidation by using Acetaldehyde

21. Produces PO & Acetic Acid. Has 3 Steps: 1. Oxidation of acetaldehyde: 2. Propylene Epoxidation: 3. Multi-Distillation System.

22. Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials: 1. Propylene. 2. Air 3. Acetaldehyde. Products: 1. Propylene oxide. 2. Acetic Acid.

23. Properties of Raw materials & Final Products. Acetaldehyde: Acetic Acid: Mwt44.05 g/mol Density0.788 g/cm 3 Boiling point 20.2 o C Melting point -123.5 o C Mwt60.05 g/mol Density1.04 g/cm 3 Boiling point 118.1 o C Melting point 16.5 o C

25. Chlorohydrin Process

26. Not an efficient process. Has 2 Steps: 1. Formation of Chlorohydrin: 2. Saponification:

27. Raw materials & Final Products Raw materials: 1. Propylene. 2. Chlorine. 3. Water. 4. Lime or (Caustic). Final Products: 1. Propylene oxide 2. Calcium chloride or (Sodium chloride).

28. Properties of Raw materials CompoundMwt (g/mol) Density g/cm 3 )) Melting point ( o C) Chlorine70.906.0032-101.5 Water18.015310 Lime74.0932.211512 Caustic39.99712.1318

29. Properties Of final products PropertyCalcium ChlorideSodium Chloride Mwt (g/mol) 110.9958.44277 Density (g/cm 3 ) 2.152.16 Melting point o C)) 772801 Boiling point o C)) > 16001465 AppearanceWhite or colorless solidWhite powder or crystals Solubility g/100 ml water 74.535.9

30. Uses & Applications Propylene Oxide Polyether Polyols Polyurethanes Propylene glycols

31. Applications of Polyurethanes Polyurethanes electronics Thermal insulation Rigid Foams Flexible Foams Automobiles Seats Varnish For Wood

32. Applications of propylene glycol Propylene glycol Solvent for Food color Coolant in Liquid cooling Systems Synthetic Rubbers & Fibers Automotive Anti-freeze Moisturizer in Food & Medicine