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E UROPE : M ODERN H ISTORY World War I, World War II, and the Cold War.

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Presentation on theme: "E UROPE : M ODERN H ISTORY World War I, World War II, and the Cold War."— Presentation transcript:

1 E UROPE : M ODERN H ISTORY World War I, World War II, and the Cold War

2 W HAT IS W ORLD W AR I? 1914-1918 2 nd largest conflict in human history 70 million participants 9 million killed

3 C AUSES OF WWI: MA IN Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

4 C AUSES OF WWI : MILITARISM World powers built large militaries. Germany and France double the size of their militaries between 1870 and 1914 Germany and Britain build battleships.

5 C AUSES OF WWI: A LLIANCES

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7 C AUSES OF WWI: I MPERIALISM European Colonization by 1914 (WWI)

8 Nationalism: strong support of the interests of one’s own country even at the expense of others. Reunification of Italy and Germany France had lost territory in Franco-Prussian War Different nationalist groups in Austria- Hungary and Serbia C AUSES OF WWI: N ATIONALISM

9 C HARACTERISTICS OF WWI Trench warfare Stalemate New technology, old doctrine

10 R ESULTS OF ALLIED VICTORY Economic depression, especially Germany (war reparations) Fear of more war in much of Europe New boundaries-9 new nations; break up of old empires

11 What differences can you see in the countries of Europe before and after 1914? What differences can you see comparing the map of Europe in 1914 to the map today?

12 WWII 1939-1945

13 WWII (1939-45) 100 million military participants 40-70 million fatalities Holocaust Total war

14 Allies before pearl harbor in dark green; light green after

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16 W HY DO THE ALLIES WIN THE WAR ? Axis powers are not unified Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo never meet to discuss strategy German mistakes Hitler invades Russia (two front war) Declares war on the US after Pearl Harbor, bringing the US into the war Allied war production US Russia

17 S OME R ESULTS New technology Microwaves Nuclear technology Weapons New powers: US and Soviet Union (USSR) Old powers diminished: British, French, Germany Creation of United Nations International organization to promote peace Initially 50 member countries with big 5 having veto power (US, USSR, China, France, Britain)

18 C OLD WAR 1945-1991

19 C OLD W AR Definition: Struggle between US and Soviets for power and influence Characteristics: Political conflict Economic conflict Military tension

20 S OME R ESULTS OF WWII The US and Russia emerge as the two world super powers. Conflicting postwar goals United StatesUSSR Bring democracy and economic opportunity Protection (lost 20 million in war) New markets for tradeEstablish satellite nations Spread Communism

21 N ATO V. WARSAW Disagreements over postwar Europe Soviets gain control over much former Nazi territory and want to keep control

22 N ATO V. W ARSAW PACT NATO (North Atlantic Trade Organization) UN ineffective- Soviet and Chinese veto power Collective security “An attack on one is an attack on all” Warsaw Pact Formed as a reaction to NATO Collective security of Soviet satellite nations

23 C OLD WAR EVENTS Division of Germany (Berlin Wall) Korean War (50-53) Arms race (including Sputnik and space race) Vietnam War (55-75) Cuban Missile Crisis (62)

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