1. Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization (1890-1910)

2. I. Europeans Flood into US
A. Jobs
1. No class system
B. Avoid military service
C. Few immigration restrictions
D. Religious Persecution
1. Jews
E. Atlantic Voyage
1. Basic/cheap

3. F. Ethnic Cities
1. neighborhoods

5. G. Ellis Island (NYC) 1. medical inspections
2. 17 million total went through
3. Relatively easy/quick – 5 hrs
BACK

8. II. Asian Immigration to America
A. Rebellion; overcrowding
B. Jobs: RR/Gold
C. Japanese upheaval
Angel Island, San Francisco

9. D. Angel Island, San Fran 1. Lot fewer immigrants 2. Harsh questioning
3. long wait for admittance

10. III. Old vs. New Immigrants
Pre-1890 immigrants
Generally well-educated
Came with enough money to survive
Had assimilated, sometimes with multiple generations of “Americans”
Generally from Germany, Britain, Scandanavian countries
Newbies seemed alien, brought bad impressions
Post-1890
Uneducated laborers
Nothing but clothes on their back
Desperate for work
Came from Ireland, eastern Europe (Italy, Russian-descendant countries) and Asia
Held on to cultural past

11. IV. Resurgence of Nativism
A. Favoritism toward native-born Americans
B. “Right” immigrants OK
1. Brit, German, N. Europe
B. Extreme Dislike
1. anti-Jew/Catholic
A. Would take over gov’t
2. Russian/Asian/Latin
A. Union opposed
B. Steal jobs

12. B. Impact 1. Immigration laws
a. ban convicts, poor & mentally disabled
2. Chinese Exclusion Act:
B. Repealed In 1943
3. Gentleman’s Agreement
with Japan

13. SECTION 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What were 3 push factors for immigration?
What were 3 pull factors for immigration?
How were the experiences of European immigrants were better than those of Asians? Don’t just talk about Ellis and Angel island. Describe in 1 paragraph.
EXPLAIN the reasons for nativist feelings.

14. Urbanization
Growth of Cities

15. I. Americans migrate to the cities
A. 30 million by 1900
cities in 1840; 1,700 by 1900
2. Factory jobs
3. Rural to cities
A. jobs
B. excitement
4. immigrants

16. II. The New Urban Environment
A. Skyscrapers
1. Reasons:

17. Home Insurance Building, Chicago.
10 stories high.
World’s first skyscraper (1885)

18. B. Mass Transit
1. off-road
a. Elevated
b. subway

19. III. Separation of Society
A. High
1. Fashionable Districts
B. Middle-class
1. “Streetcar suburbs”
2. Salary 2X average factory worker
C. The Working Class
1. tenements
2. Working children

20. Close activity
1. Explain three reasons why people started to move to the cities in the late 1800s. 2. Why did people start building skyscrapers? 3. For what reason did mass transit system have to exist?

21. IV. Urban Problems A. Threats 1. Alcohol 2. Disease 3. Crime/violence
4. Fire
5. Pollution

22. V. Urban Reformers Social Gospel Movement Settlement Houses Hull House
Help immigrants especially
Workers: middle class, college-ed women
Hull House
Jane Addams
Chicago

23. Section 3: Urban Politics

24. I. Political Machine and Party Boss
A. Purpose
1. Gain/keep power
2. Pyramid of Power
3. Help out the poor
B. Party Boss
1. Usually not “politician”
2. More behind-the-scenes
3. More powerful than
any politician

25. C. Urban immigration D. Graft & Fraud 1. took care of needs
2. votes in exchange
D. Graft & Fraud
1. graft: Using political influence for personal gain
A. example: kickbacks
2. Fraud: fixing elections  fake names, dead pple

27. II. Tammany Hall Most famous political machine 1. 1869-1871
2. NYC Democrats
3. Led by “Boss” Tweed

28. III. Reforming National Politics
Civil Service: jobs in gov’t administration
Patronage (spoils system): reward supporters with civil service jobs
1. Stalwarts: supporters of patronage system

29. C. President Garfield 1. reformer 2. Chester Arthur, VP & stalwart 3
C. President Garfield 1. reformer 2. Chester Arthur, VP & stalwart 3. Garfield assassinated 4. Arthur turns reformer

30. IV. Pendleton Civil Service Act
A. Merit-based hiring 1. exam score B. Pros: more honest gov’t, less favoritism C. Cons: Where will campaign $$ come from?

31. V. Gov’t and Big Biz marriage
Tariffs: taxes on imported goods
Biz wants higher tariffs. WHY?
Drawback?
Raised and lowered throughout 1890s
Showed which party more closely tied
with biz (republicans)