1. American History Chapter 10: Immigration

2. “New” immigration 1900: many of the immigrants came from eastern and southern Europe* Italy, Greece, Poland, Slavs, Slovaks, Russia For jobs To avoid military service To avoid religious persecution Earlier immigration had been from northern Europe and Britain

3. Ellis Island Immigrants from Europe had to be processed here

4. Angel Island Immigrants from Asia passed through a processing center there Immigrants from Asia went through a processing center here

5. Nativism Some Americans disliked immigrants. Protestants were afraid of Catholics and Jews; labor unions were afraid immigrants would work for low wages. “Nativists” wanted to limit immigration.

6. Chinese Exclusion Act Law that barred Chinese immigration Chinese already in the US were not allowed to become citizens.

7. Urbanization The rapid growth of cities around 1900 Immigration and Industrialization encouraged growth

8. Tenements Crowded, cheap, poorly built apartment buildings in the inner city

9. Settlement Houses Reformers wanted to help the poor. Middle-class people lived there to help poor (often immigrant) residents. They provided medical care, recreation programs, and English classes.

10. Jane Addams She ran the most famous of the settlement houses. She founded Hull House in Chicago.

11. Gospel of Wealth Carnegie preached that wealthy Americans should use their $$$ for the good of others. philanthropy

12. Yellow Journalism Sensational, exaggerated reporting Hearst and Pulitzer used yellow journalism when reporting Spanish atrocities in Cuba.

13. Rise of Sports football Cincinnati Red Stockings: the first professional team

14. Vaudeville Popular, cheap variety acts in the large cities attracted large audiences. Animal acts, acrobats, gymnasts, dancers, and Harry Houdini, the escape artist

15. Ragtime Scott Joplin: King of -----

16. Coney Island 1 st major amusement park

17. Gilded Age 1870-1900 Mark Twain’s nickname for the period It looked good on the outside (inventions, growth of the cities, skyscrapers, and electric lights BUT underneath was corruption, poverty, crime, and huge gaps between the rich and poor.

18. Political Machines Powerful political groups that dominated city governments in late 1800s They offered jobs, public services, and contracts for businesses in exchange for votes. They appealed to immigrants “right off the boat.” They were run by a political boss.

19. Boss Tweed The most infamous of the political bosses He made over $200 million through graft.* Graft: bribes and kickbacks from contractors

20. Tammany Hall The political “machine” that ran New York City Boss Tweed ran it Political corruption: illegal and immoral actions made politics “dirty” during the Gilded Age at the local, state, and federal levels

21. Populist Party People's Party of farmers They wanted more control of the railroads and “free silver.” The Populist Party called for a graduated income tax. Populists were most successful at the state level.

22. Goldbugs Wanted money to be backed by gold Wealthy, banks, and lenders Silverites Wanted money to be backed by silver Farmers, borrowers

23. “Cross of Gold” William Jennings Bryan used the phrase in a speech in 1896. Bryan was running for president (D). His speech was anti-gold and big business. Bryan lost the election, but he called national attention to the problem.