1. The Pax Romana

2. The Roman Empire  Augustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony.  Creates many reforms like: Civil service system – people of all classes can have jobs. Set up uniform rule of law Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman roads Created common coinage - make trade easier. PRAETORIAN GUARD- Police of Rome  Augustus Caesar aka – Octavian, sets up Roman Empire in 27 BC after defeating Marc Anthony.  Creates many reforms like: Civil service system – people of all classes can have jobs. Set up uniform rule of law Guaranteed safe travel/trade on Roman roads Created common coinage - make trade easier. PRAETORIAN GUARD- Police of Rome

3. The Pax Romana  Augustus’ reign started 200 year period known as Pax Romana – Roman peace.  27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable.  **ONLY INSTABILITY** was transfer of power - law didn’t provide easy succession of Emperors.  Augustus’ reign started 200 year period known as Pax Romana – Roman peace.  27 BC to AD 180 was peaceful and stable.  **ONLY INSTABILITY** was transfer of power - law didn’t provide easy succession of Emperors.

4. Awesome Augustus (27 B.C. - 14 A.D.)  Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”  Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military.  Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”  Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military. http://www.unf.edu/classes/freshmancore/core1images/ augustus.jpg

5. The Julian Emperors  Augustus dies in AD 14.  4 emperors who follow are the Julian emperors = all related to Julius Caesar.  Augustus dies in AD 14.  4 emperors who follow are the Julian emperors = all related to Julius Caesar.

6. Tiberius (14-37 A.D.)  Very unpopular  Known for making poor decisions and for attacking his enemies.  Said that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by it’s ears.”  Very unpopular  Known for making poor decisions and for attacking his enemies.  Said that ruling Rome was like “holding a wolf by it’s ears.” http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/tiberius.html

7. Crazy Caligula! (37-41 A.D.)  Caligula takes over in AD 37.  Grand- nephew to Tiberius  Brutal, corrupt, mentally disturbed  Names his horse to be a consul.  Praetorian Guard assassinated Crazy Caligula in AD 41.  Caligula takes over in AD 37.  Grand- nephew to Tiberius  Brutal, corrupt, mentally disturbed  Names his horse to be a consul.  Praetorian Guard assassinated Crazy Caligula in AD 41. http://www.aeria.phil.uni- erlangen.de/photo_html/portraet/roemisch/kaiserzeit/benannt/caligula/caligu4.JPG

8. Crippled Claudius (41-54 A.D.)  Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41.  Very smart, great leader.  His humility made him very popular  Dies in AD 54  Stepson Nero takes the throne  Paralyzed uncle of Caligula takes over in AD 41.  Very smart, great leader.  His humility made him very popular  Dies in AD 54  Stepson Nero takes the throne http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/claudius.html

9. Nasty Nero (54-68 A.D.)  Got the crazy genes from Caligula.  Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered.  Persecuted Christians  Neglected duties, became fearful he would be killed, and committed suicide in AD 68.  Got the crazy genes from Caligula.  Had mother, wife, and many senators murdered.  Persecuted Christians  Neglected duties, became fearful he would be killed, and committed suicide in AD 68. http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/nero.html

10. Confusion and Chaos  In next year, 4 generals lead Rome (“The Year of the Four Emperors”).  Vespasian eventually wins, starts rule in AD 69. (rules for ten years)  Extends Roman citizenship to all men in military.  Sons Titus and Domitian take over.  In next year, 4 generals lead Rome (“The Year of the Four Emperors”).  Vespasian eventually wins, starts rule in AD 69. (rules for ten years)  Extends Roman citizenship to all men in military.  Sons Titus and Domitian take over.

11. Vespasian (69-79 A.D.)  Pivotal moment: The first emperor not related to the family of Augustus, Vespasian achieved imperial power by the support of the armies and via a special law enacted to confer authority on him. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors _gallery_02.shtml

12. The Good Emperors  Good Emperors rule from AD 96- 180.  Include : Nerva – appointed by Senate, popular with people, not with military Trajan - extended empire to its furthest reaches Hadrian – Builds Wall across north Britain to protect against invaders. Secured the Roman borders. Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius – Respected scholar - His death in AD 180 ends the Pax Romana  Good Emperors rule from AD 96- 180.  Include : Nerva – appointed by Senate, popular with people, not with military Trajan - extended empire to its furthest reaches Hadrian – Builds Wall across north Britain to protect against invaders. Secured the Roman borders. Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius – Respected scholar - His death in AD 180 ends the Pax Romana

13. Hadrian  117-138 A.D. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors _gallery_03.shtml

16. Hadrian’s Wall http://www.contours.co.uk/self-guided/images/hadrians-wall.gif http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/img_400/hw_housesteads_03.jpg

17. Marcus Aurelius  ･ Born 121 AD  Reigned 161 - 180 AD  ･ Born 121 AD  Reigned 161 - 180 AD http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/romespivotalemperors_galle ry_04.shtml http://skyscraper.f ortunecity.com/qu antum/773/fotos/g ladiator6.jpg

18. Summary  “The emperor was what he did.”  Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly.  Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that Augustus never set up clear standards for succession of power.  The emperor answered first and foremost to the military.  “The emperor was what he did.”  Regardless of the strengths or weaknesses of a leader, Rome still ran fairly smoothly.  Many of the problems are rooted in the fact that Augustus never set up clear standards for succession of power.  The emperor answered first and foremost to the military.

19. The End of the Pax Romana  A succession of weak leaders and civil wars follows as Rome begins its slow decline.

20. Reflection  After learning about some of the emperors, the Pax Romana does not seem very peaceful? Why do you think it carried that name?