2. Early Evidence for Human Reliance Upon a Natural Perspective

3. Prehistoric Period Learning by trial and error Rich natural history knowledge Information not written down (paper & writing developed ~5K years ago) Crops Domesticated

4. When did the study of science begin? Paleolithic paintings on cave walls and recordings on bones- observations 32,000 years ago

5. When did the study of science begin? Mesopotamian 7,000 B.C. to 6 th century B.C. Bronze surgical knives Medical text Astronomy

6. Ancient Greece Hippocrates (460 – 370? B.C.) Greek physician Diseases have natural causes Rejected view that disease caused by evil spirits Believed that the brain was area of higher thought and emotion, not heart Program for good health: rest, good nutrition, and exercise. Started “Western Medicine”

7. Galen (130 - 200 A.D.) Anatomy & Physiology disease resulted from an internal imbalance of the four humors Mistakes in understanding circulation Research based on ape dissection Textbook used for 1000 years Roman Times

8. Dark Ages- 200 to 1200 A.D. Sad time Little new knowledge Taboo against dissecting human cadavers continued Avoided actual involvement Authority prevails

9. da Vinci(1452-1515) Anatomy & Physiology Renaissance

10. Vesalius dissects a female cadaver in his anatomy lab Vesalius (1514-1564) Anatomy & Physiology Followed Galen’s writings, but later found he was wrong

11. Medieval Human Anatomy Before Vesalius

12. Vesalius’ Images

13. The female pelvic anatomy. From Vesalius's De Corporis Humani Fabrica, 1543. Vesalius’ Images

14. Microscope

15. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632 - 1723 Invented a simple microscope Discovered bacteria, protists, sperm cells, blood cells…

16. Leeuwenhoek’s Microscope

17. Leeuwenhoek’s “Animalcules”

18. Robert Hooke 1635 - 1703

19. Cells in Cork

20. 1578-1657 William Harvey Discoveries Disproved Galen that blood not made from the liver Heart is a pump not a suction device Showed closed circuit circulation Showed existence of valves in veins

21. Arteries & Veins

22. Circulation

23. 1600’s Medicine: Leeches A prescription leech at the Harborview Medical Center pharmacy. Leeches and Maggots make a comeback

24. Ultrasound

25. X Ray

26. Ct Scan 3D reconstruction of CT Scan. Objects are packets of cocaine.

27. MRI

28. PET Scan

29. Pill cam Smartphone apps Modern Technology

30. Inquiry 1.Galen’s textbook was based on research of ______ not humans. 2.What did Velsalius discover? 3.Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, and Galileo invented the____. 4.List 4 modern “non-evasive” technologies that allow us to look in the body.