1. World Organisation for Animal Health Seminar on the Dialogue and Common Activities between the OIE Member Countries of the European Union and the other Member Countries of the OIE Regional Commission for Europe TURKEY, 21-22 November 2005 15/11/2005 VB

2. OIE Standards on Quality and Evaluation of the National Veterinary Services; use of new OIE evaluation tools, such as Performance, Vision ans Strategy Guidelines Dr. Jean Michel BERGES Chargé de mission OIE

3. Outlines 1. Introduction 2. Definitions and concepts 3. OIE policy regarding Veterinary Services 4. Quality of Veterinary Services according to the OIE Code 5. Evaluation of Veterinary Services 6. Conclusion

4. 1 - Introduction

5. 1.TRANSPARENCY To ensure transparency in the worldwide animal health and zoonoses situation Sanitary Countries Status Recognition 2.SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION To collect, analyse and disseminate worldwide scientific veterinary information 3.INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY To provide expertise and encourage and influence international solidarity in the control of animal diseases 4.SANITARY SAFETY OF WORLD TRADE OF ANIMALS AND PRODUCTS Within its mandate under SPS Agreement, to safeguard world trade by establishing animal health standards for international trade, as well as to act as mediator 5.PROMOTION OF VETERINARY SERVICES To improve the infrastructure of Veterinary Services 6.FOOD SAFETY AND ANIMAL WELFARE To provide a better guarantee of safety of food of animal origin and to promote animal welfare through a scientific based approach. Introduction (1): the OIE Objectives & VS

6. Introduction (2) Benefit of efficient VS: from trade safety to improvement of animal food production 1- Trade safety: International veterinary certificates Reliable IVC  early detection of animal diseases  reliable chain of information and command - from the farm to the export point. “Without good VS, all ICVs are only paper” 2- National benefits: VS complying with OIE standards (implementation of international standards)  improvement of domestic animal and public health  increased / safer animal and food production,  decrease of malnutrition and poverty

7. 2 - Definitions and concepts

8. Veterinary Administration Veterinary Administration: the governmental VS having authority in the whole country for implementing the animal health measures and international veterinary certification process (…), and supervising or auditing their application.

9. Veterinary Authorities Veterinary Administration Veterinary Authorities Veterinary Authority: a VS, under the authority of the Veterinary Administration, which is directly responsible for the application of animal health measures in a specified area of the country. It may also have responsibility for the issuing or the supervision of the issuing of international veterinary certificates in that area.

10. Official veterinarians Veterinary Administration Veterinary Authorities Private Vets / off. vets Official veterinarian: a veterinarian - authorised by the Veterinary Administration of the country - to perform certain designated official tasks associated with animal health and/or public health and inspections of commodities and, when appropriate, to certify (…).

11. Veterinary para-professional Veterinary Administration Administration vétérinaire Veterinary Authorities Vet. Para-prof. Veterinary para-professional: a person who […] is authorized by the veterinary statutory body to carry out certain designated tasks (dependent upon the category of veterinary para-professional) in a country, and delegated to them under the responsibility and direction of a veterinarian. The tasks authorized for each category of Veterinary para-professional should be defined by the veterinary statutory body depending on qualifications and training, and according to need. laboratory workers, CAHW (community animal health workers)… Private Vets / off. vets

12. Veterinary Statutory Body Veterinary Administration Veterinary Authorities Vet. Para-prof. Vet. Statutory body: an autonomous authority regulating veterinarians and veterinary para- professionals. Order, Chamber, professional organism… Private Vets / off. vets persons authorised, registered or licensed by the VSB

13. Veterinary Services Veterinary Administration Veterinary Authorities Vet. Para-prof. SV: the Vet. Administration, all the Vet. Authorities, and all persons authorised, registered or licensed by the VSB. Private Vets / off. vets persons authorised, registered or licensed by the VSB

14. It’s the sovereign right of a Country to adopt the organisation it wants to: the VS juridical status may be different (parastatal bodies…) some countries do not still work with private vets some countries do not use the name of “VS” (“competent authority”) etc. …as far as in compliance with the Code’s requirements

15. 3 – The OIE policy regarding Veterinary Services

16. Priority objectives Early detection of diseases – Early response Diagnostic capabilities Animal movements control Protection of the territory Healthy animal production Protection of human health / zoonoses Confidence in certification

17. What is it possible to delegate to private component? Animal health services Zootechnical interventions Individual treatments of animals - special controls for certain products - depending of national context Vaccination - depending of national context and animal species Support to public service in case of epizootics (farmers organisations and private vets)

18. OIE: Promotion of concepts Public good International public good ex. of epizootic diseases National public good ex. of enzootic disease (tuberculosis) Insurance concept Bioterrorism prevention Animal welfare: link with animal health Food chain control (animal origin products)

19. Control of animal diseases at the farm level Abattoirs : Animal health Wholesomeness of meat Food quality Processing Distribution Food chain control Vet. Services

20. 4 - Quality of Veterinary Services according to the OIE Code

21. Quality of VS in the Code Approach in the OIE Code: requirements expressed in terms of OBJECTIVES and MEANS

22. Quality of VS in the Code Fundamental principles of an: ♦ ethical, ♦ organisational, nature ♦ technical.  Confidence The VS should conform to these principles regardless of the political, economic or social situation of their country

23. Quality of VS in the Code These principles should equally apply to other competent authorities: ♦ organisation other than the VS, ♦ authority or organisms acting on behalf of the VS… The VS retain ultimate responsibility for the application of these principles

24. Fundamental principles of quality (1) 1.Professional judgement 2.Independence 3.Impartiality 4.Integrity 5.Objectivity 5 principles of an ethical nature

25. Fundamental principles of quality (2) 1. Professional judgement  Competence - for sound professional judgements  Importance of initial and continuous Training Personnel with ♦ qualifications ♦ scientific expertise ♦ experience

26. Fundamental principles of quality (3) Personnel free from any ♦ commercial, ♦ financial, ♦ hierarchical, ♦ political ♦ or other pressures which might affect their judgement or decisions. 2. Independence

27. Fundamental principles of quality (4) The VS should be impartial. Services delivered under reasonable and non-discriminatory conditions. 3. Impartiality

28. Fundamental principles of quality (5) of each of VS personnel. Any fraud, corruption or falsification should be identified and corrected 4. Integrity

29. Fundamental principles of quality (6) The VS should at all times act in an ♦ objective, ♦ transparent manner 5. Objectivity

30. Fundamental principles of quality (7) In a developing country, shrimps exporter to EU residues were found …the payment of the agents in charge of certification was economically linked with the producers - and these agents‘ salary was terribly lower than the one of the workers in the shrimp plans.  the veterinarians certifiers’ salary X 4  ↑ independence and integrity example

31. Fundamental principles of quality (8) 6. General organisation 7. Quality policy 8. Procedures 9. Information, complaints and appeals 10. Documentation 11. Self-evaluation 12. Communication 13. Human and financial resources 8 principles of an organisational nature

32. Fundamental principles of quality (9) Organisation adapted to the early detection, recognition and official notification of animal diseases Surveillance / collection of the information relative to animal diseases to a national focal point, that notifies Importance of the national chain of command (…) 6. General organisation

33. Fundamental principles of quality (10) Procedures related to: international veterinary certification activities prevention, control and notification of disease outbreaks epidemiological surveillance and zoning border controls and import regulations With possible externalisation: diagnostic tests for animal diseases biological products for use in the diagnosis or prevention of diseases 8. Procedures

34. Fundamental principles of quality (11)  internal and external systems of communication  administrative and technical staff, stakeholders and consumers 12. Communication

35. Fundamental principles of quality (12) Responsible authorities should ensure that adequate resources are made available to implement effectively the activities. 13. Human and financial resources

36. In an African country: 70% of rural population 10% of the budget for agriculture 5% of witch for animal production 13. Human and financial resources Fundamental principles of quality (13)

37. 5- Evaluation of Veterinary Services Confidence of partners Resources allocation

38. Purposes of evaluation (1) Countries have the right to evaluate the VS of a potential trading partner: - importing countries - exporting countries 1 – International exchanges Any importing country not allowed by an exporting country to audit its VS has the right to deny any importation

39. Purpose of evaluation (2) 2 – Self-evaluation  Improvement of internal efficiency  Resources allocation at political domestic level  External resources if necessary NB: An evaluation made by a trade partner can also be used for domestic purposes (budget), in particular for developping countries

40. organisation requirements default “Irrelevant quality” - may apply to 30% of a viable organisation  source of savings Purpose of evaluation (3) 2 – Self-evaluation Efficiency improvement

41. Scope of evaluation (1)  Organisational structure of VS (including Vet. Statutory Body)  Human resources  Material (including financial) resources  Functional capabilities and legislative support  Animal health and veterinary public health control  Performance assessment and audit programmes Terrestrial Animal Health Code (2004) - Articles 1.3.4.2. to 1.3.4.11 (…)

42. Scope of evaluation (2) human resources – fundings institutional arrangements functional capabilities, including the ability to enforce its decisions administration of education programmes for veterinarians and veterinary para-professionals legislative basis, including autonomy etc.  Participation in OIE activities and compliance with OIE Member Countries obligations  Veterinary Statutory body

43. Who evaluates?  Self-evaluation = “1 st party” evaluation  By VS of commercial partners = “2 nd party”evaluation  [ By a third and independent body- if decided so by OIE Member countries = “third party” recognition]  OIE [OIE] 1 st party 2 nd party 3 rd party

44. Outcomes of evaluation Demonstrate that VS have capability for: - effective surveillance and monitoring of the health status of animals and animal products - either generally or for a specific animals or commodities group - accurate notification of findings to OIE - early response - credibility of international certification… Essentially qualitative Emphasis on evaluation of quality of outputs and performance of VS Relative ranking of criteria may depend on circumstances (one only zone; one only animal species with appropriated sanitary status…)

45. How to evaluate? (1) Need to based on OIE Code Guidelines Articles 1.3.4.3 to 1.3.4.13: evaluation criteria Article 1.3.4.14 : questionnaire The OIE develops new tools: With IICA: « Performance, Vision and Strategy (PVS) for national VS » With the World Bank and other potential donors: a model to help the VS to present requests according to finance providers needs

46. How to evaluate? (2)  27 items  Objective: to prepare new policies and subsequent investments for national or international resources providers  In the process of application in the Americas - to be adapted further for other continents  Possible assistance of an external expertise « Performance, Vision and Strategy (PVS) for national VS»

47. Human and Financial Capital

48. Technical Capability, Interaction with the private sector

49. 4 - Conclusion

50. The OIE and the VS “None of the OIE objectives can be correctly achieved without worldwide VS complying with OIE standards”

51. The OIE and the VS (2) “The OIE considers VS to be a International Public Good and their bringing into line with international standards as a public investment priority.”  official agreement OIE / World Bank in 2001

52. The OIE and the VS (3) “We have to convince Governments that they have to comply with the international standards and invest more money in their VS in order to avoid potential great loses and new threats for neighbouring countries”  Tool = the CODE

53. The OIE recommands… (1) The CVO should be as close as possible to the political decision making level in order to ensure the efficiency of the design and implementation of policies The CVO should be recommended as the national Delegate to the OIE because all sanitary crisis have now to be managed also at international level without delay. Member countries should manage not to change their Delegates too frequently … - for purposes of continuity, sustainability, and protection of national interests

54. The OIE recommands… (2)  It is more efficient and cost-efficient … … to have a national chain of command, under the authority of the Veterinary Services, including animal health and zoonosis management as food safety of products of animal origin … to manage all missions of VS within the same competent authority  “ from the farm to the consumer ” is the golden standard NB: in about 70% of the European countries, VS are also competent in food safety, “ from the stable to the table ”

55. The OIE and the Veterinary Services www.oie.int Heading « the Veterinary Services » OIE Collaborating Centre for the Training of Official Veterinarians

56. World Organisation for Animal Health 12 rue de prony 75017 Paris, France Tel: 33 (0)1 44 15 18 88 – Fax: 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87 Email: oie@oie.intoie@oie.int http://www.oie.int