1. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Daniel Bullock Director, Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Houston Advanced Research Center Moving knowledge to action to improve human well-being and the environment Resilient Energy Systems: The CHP Solution Katrina Forum: Sept. 25, 2006

2. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Houston Advanced Research Center Established 1982 Non-profit scientific research institute Sustainable development mission –Environmental technology commercialization –Research Management –Air Quality focus Located in the Woodlands, TX Website: www.harc.edu

3. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center

4. Observations from Hurricanes Katrina & Rita

5. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Observation 1 Over reliance on the central station electric utility model increased our vulnerability to the hurricanes. The wood pole T&D system did not survive either Hurricanes Katrina or Rita and the result was prolonged power outages.

6. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center

7. Hurricane Rita T&D Infrastructure Replacements –981 wood transmission structures –26 steel lattice transmission structures –8970 wood distribution poles –8040 distribution transformers 18,000 non-Entergy workers helped out Losses = $380M ($1.5B including Katrina)

8. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Observation 2 Those with power were the ones capable of self- generating electricity Self generation consisted primarily of backup generators, but also those with cogeneration/CHP plants

9. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Diesel GenSets are Ubiquitous But they were NOT reliable! –Not in working order when needed –Didn’t hold up throughout the entire outage –Couldn’t be serviced (no parts or labor) –Quickly exhausted on-site fuel supplies –Limited ability to resupply fuel tanks –Systems were undersized –Remotely located units could not be delivered quickly –Located in basements and low lying areas –Poor return on investment

10. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center The CHP Solution CHP is DG... An integrated system Operates around the clock Provides at least a portion of the electrical load and Utilizes the thermal energy for: –Cooling –Dehumidification –Water and space heat –Process heat

11. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Conventional Generation vs. CHP Eff. = 49%Eff. = 86%

12. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: A Tale of Two Hospitals

13. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Memorial Hermann Baptist Hospital Beaumont, TX Back up generators started, but could neither power the chillers nor maintain power due to length of outage The hospital reopened after 22 natural gas engines were brought in from Houston Most damage to the hospital was related to loss of HVAC -- humidity infiltration resulted in extensive damage to floors, ceiling tiles, medical supplies, and equipment Hurricane Rita closed the hospital for a week caused over $30M in costs and damages

14. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Mississippi Baptist Medical Center Jackson, MS -Connection to MPG Restored 57 hr -Main Power Grid (MPG) Failed -Alternate Power Grid Enabled -City Water Lost 1 hr -Connection to MPG Restored -Load Shed performed (1.2 MW disconnected) -Pumping Trucks Supply Water to Physical Plant 3 hr -Power Reliability Problems -Switched to CHP Operation Only -Elevators on Emergency Generators -Restricted use of MRI Equipment 5 hr -52 hrs of 100% operation on CHP -Only Hospital in the Jackson Metro Area to be Nearly 100% Operational!! August 29, 2005 Hurricane Katrina Hits Jackson, MS

15. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Value of On-site Generation Mississippi Baptist Medical Center remained open throughout to treat a high volume of patients provided emergency clothing, food, and housing for people displaced during the first night of the disaster received patients from other medical facilities not able to remain open helped emergency responders establish operations

16. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Observation 3 Natural gas supplies were generally available throughout on high pressure pipes Tulane University reported sufficient natural gas pressure to operate their 5 MW campus system

17. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Tulane University CHP Plant Campus has a 9 MW electrical load 5 MW gas turbine provided “islanded” power and cooling to critical campus facilities throughout Katrina Cooling towers damaged, but remained operational Switched to well water 2000 ton chiller could not be restarted if tripped Natural gas pressure available, but turbine switched to diesel (3.5 day supply) due to compressor problem Rising water forced system off as some switchgear went underwater in the days after levees were breached University staff looking to add capacity and flood protection

18. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center CHP in Louisiana Existing CHP Capacity (2004): 6 GW Undeveloped CHP Capacity (2004): –Industrial: 2.6 GW –Commercial: 1.6 GW

19. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Commercial CHP Candidates Hotels Prisons Airports Hospitals Universities Grocery Stores Wastewater Treatment Refrigerated Warehouses Emergency Management Facilities Homeland Security & Sanctuary Locations Industrials (Refineries, Chemical plants, Manufacturers)

20. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center CHP System Design Options FACILITY DEMAND THERMAL ELECTRICAL EXPORT or WASTE } HIGHEST RELIABILITY OPTION Sized to meet electrical load THERMAL ELECTRICAL EXCESS THERMAL HIGHEST EFFICIENCY OPTION } UTILITY SUPPLIED Sized to meet thermal load THERMAL ELECTRICAL DEFICIT

21. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Observation 4 Those that relied on regionally staged fuels, materials, parts, and vendors were not well served. Regional evacuations and localized damage made delivery of power equipment and supplies nearly impossible.

22. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center CHP and Energy Resiliency CHP does NOT rely on wood poles Natural gas provides reliable fuel to CHP throughout prolonged outages CHP can power whole facilities –Lights, air conditioning, water purification, sewage, safety systems, high value areas, manufacturing CHP micro-grids can power city blocks and neighborhoods

23. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Will LA Develop its CHP Potential? Success depends on: Providing mechanisms and incentives for utilities to participate Advancing CHP in new applications Educating engineers, architects, and building owners about the value of CHP Financing “improved” solutions with insurance and FEMA dollars

24. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. Albert Einstein

25. Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center For more information: Daniel Bullock Gulf Coast CHP Applications Center (281) 364-6087 dbullock@harc.edu