1. Right place? Right time? Right person? Cultural heritage experts working with the military. Peter Stone UK National Commission for UNESCO & Newcastle University AIA 2011

2. Overview  Much blindingly obvious  Based on my activity since 2003  Trilogy:  Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Iraq (2008)  Archaeology, Cultural Property, and the Military (2010)  Cultural Heritage, Ethics, and the Military (2011)  Cannot rely on recreation of Monuments Men model  Much still to do

3. Right place  To have influence cultural heritage experts must be either ‘on the inside’ or ‘accepted by the inside’  Failed in 2003 because no cultural heritage experts had anything like the necessary level of influence  Requires acceptance by politicians and military that CPP is important  Winning the minds of military…slowly  Long way to go with politicians

4. Significant activity since 2003  NATO’s ‘Comprehensive Approach’ & US revision of military doctrine  CENTCOM Historical Cultural Action Group  USA National Committee for Blue Shield  USA ratification of 1954 Hague Convention  ANCBS  SAFE  WATCH  CHAMP  IMCURWG  ICCROMM & ICOMOS activity  Strategic plan for DoD CPP training  Numerous conferences and courses  Publications

5. A concern Are we spreading ourselves too thinly..? Reinventing the wheel too much..? Are we properly focussed?

6. Right time Four phases of necessary activity: 1.Long-term awareness training at all levels 2.Specific pre-deployment training regarding host country/region 3.During conflict 4.Post conflict

7. 1 - Long-term awareness training at all levels  Delivered at different intensity for different levels of military  Generic value of cultural property & cultural heritage  Cultural [national pride; dignity; use of heritage]  Economic [healthy society; tourism]  Military  Trade in illicit antiquities  Historical examples [Nazi Germany; Zimbabwe; India; Iraq; & Former Yugoslavia]  Generic training scenarios as already delivered

8. 1 - Long-term awareness training at all levels: right person  Civilian cultural heritage experts embedded within the military  National cultural heritage experts  CIMIC/Civil Affairs staff

9. 2 - Specific pre-deployment training & activity regarding host country/region  Identification of specific sites; museums; libraries; archives; galleries  Potential specific issues regarding CPP in-theatre  Types of artefacts  Quality of host country’s cultural heritage sector  Specific requirements for protection of CP – is specific expertise likely to be needed?  Marking of CP on maps  Allocation of unit responsibilities re CPP  [Protection of CP]

10. 2 - Specific pre-deployment training regarding host country/region: right person  National/International cultural heritage experts  If appropriate, host country experts  CIMIC/Civil Affairs staff  Civilian cultural heritage experts embedded within the military  [Host country experts]

11. 3 - During conflict  Damage limitation  Liaison with military legal advisors  ‘Conscience’ role  If possible/appropriate, communication between military and host country experts  Stifling trade in illicit antiquities

12. 3 - During conflict: right person  CIMIC/Civil Affairs staff  Host country experts if possible  Arms length:  NGOs  International experts

13. 4 - Post conflict  Stabilisation  Emergency aid/repair/conservation  Facilitation of access to, and liaison between, experts  Provision of necessary materials & technology  Combating trade in illicit antiquities

14. 4 - Post conflict: right person  Host country cultural heritage experts  NGOs – Blue Shield (& ICRC/C?)  CIMIC/Civil Affairs staff  International cultural heritage experts

15. Issues  Naïve aspiration for Utopia  Not going to happen overnight  No time for additional training  Weakness of Blue Shield  Use of private security companies  Need to develop ‘networks of the willing’  Need to win understanding of politicians – major issue in UK

16. Observation But if we don’t do it… nobody will…