1. The U.S. Military and the History of Computing War! What is it good for? Absolutely Nothing! -Edwin Starr

2. Necessity is the mother of…  Thank the U.S. Military for: Game consoles Game consoles Cell phones Cell phones Internet Internet OnStar and GPS OnStar and GPS iPods iPods Personal Computers Personal Computers Digital cameras Digital cameras Email Email Text messaging Text messaging

3. Manual Calculators  1200 BC - The abacus  1600 AD – John Napier & Napier’s Bones  1621 AD – William Oughtred Slide Rule

4. Napier’s Bones

5. http://nrich.maths.org/public/terms.php

6. Mechanical Calculators  1500 AD - Da Vinci sketches a mechanical calculator  1623 – Wilhelm Schickard’s Calculator  1642 – Blaise Pascal invents the Pascaline  1673 – Gottfried W. von Leibniz Calculator  1800 - Joseph-Marie Jacquard's loom Photos courtesy IBM

7. Schickard’s Calculator

8. Jacquard's loom

10. Mechanical Calculators  1822 – Charles Babbage creates the Difference Engine and designs the Analytical Engine  1890 – Herman Hollerith created the Hollerith Tabulating Machine for the 1890 Census

11. Faster and Electronic  1937 – Alan Turing invents the Turing machine  1937-42 – John Atanasoff- Clifford Berry Create the ABC Machine  1938 – Konrad Zuse developed the Z3  1944 - Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper build the Harvard Mark I Computer

12. Military Dilemmas  I can’t see the enemy. The earth really is round! The earth really is round! What is 50 MPH? What is 50 MPH? Hello? Is there anyone out there? Can anyone hear me. Hello? Is there anyone out there? Can anyone hear me. Photo courtesy of Hasbro

13. Weapons of War  Increased range  Increased speed  Advanced flight  Industrial age  Increasingly complex engineering and manufacturing  Advanced communications Photo courtesy of Wikipedia

14. Firing Tables  1943-45 – ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer Used to create firing tables Used to create firing tables 10 feet tall 10 feet tall 1,000 square feet of floor space 1,000 square feet of floor space Weighed 30 tons Weighed 30 tons 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000 switches, and 18,000 vacuum tubes 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000 switches, and 18,000 vacuum tubes

15. ENIAC http://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/

16. ENIAC

17. ENIAC

18. ENIAC

19. ENIAC  While ENIAC did make calculating firing tables easier, ENIAC was not being used to it’s full potential.  A scientist named John Von Neumann wanted to calculate the maximum yield for the new bomb being created and asked to use ENIAC because it was faster than the Mark I. The calculated results were unbelievable.

20. The Trinity Bomb Photo courtesy of The National Archives

21. Wolfpacks http://www.lewrockwell.com

22. Enigma  Cryptography  Enigma and Lorenz machines  Geheimschreiber and FISH Photo courtesy of Wikipedia

23. Colossus  No longer just an adding machine  First electronic digital programmable computer  Limited programming  After the war it was ordered to be destroyed

24. Future of Technology  After WW2 population became educated  The Military took a major initiative in technology development  Hollerith showed the business world money could be made with technology development  Tradition of eccentric hobbyists continue to this day- Apple II

25. Would you have invested?

26. Lab Assignment  Write a 2-3 page about Alan Turing

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