1. Dr. Jabir Ali Assistant Professor Agriculture Management Centre Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow – 226 013 Agricultural Land Lease Pattern in Uttar Pradesh: Implications for Landless, Marginal and Small Households

2. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Background  Under the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reform Act, 1950, lease has been banned except by defence personnel, disabled person of various categories and students.  Leasing-in and leasing-out is common in reality and visible among all categories of households with no records and safeguards.  Liberalization of tenancy may benefit marginalized community  Proper utilization of land resources

3. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Objectives  This paper focuses on: –Land use pattern and fallow land –The magnitude of land ownership among various categories of households  Gini Ratio: (varies between 0 to 1; 0 being perfect equality and 1 perfect inequality)  Lorenz Curve: (The diagonal line represents perfect equality, while area under the curve as proportion to total area under the diagonal line represents degree of inequality) –Implications of lease pattern in improving agricultural practices and providing livelihood support to landless, marginal and small farmers by enhancing operational holdings.

4. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Landuse Pattern in Uttar Pradesh Land use categoriesArea in 000' hectares% of Reported Area 1980-821990-921998-001980-821990-921998-00 Reported Area239992443724418100 Forest1683173917597.07.17.2 Barren Land8387266303.53.02.6 Land under Non- Agricultural Use 2195233324469.19.510.0 Culturable Waste8247095653.42.92.3 Permanent Pasture & Miscellaneous 804064030.31.7 Other Fallow7038236712.93.42.7 Current Fallow1128111010274.74.54.2 Net Cropped Area16548165921691769.067.969.3 Cropping Intensity137141144--- Other Fallow/NCA=4.0%, Current Fallow/NCA=6.1%

5. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Area under current fallow reported by the sample households CategoriesTotal Sample Households reported current fallow Current Fallow Area Number%(ha)% Marginal20434 (16.7)46.518.015.2 Small12517 (13.6)23.320.217.0 Semi-Medium5211 (21.2)15.126.122.0 Medium & Large1511 (73.3)15.154.445.8 Total39673 (18.4)100.0118.6100.0

6. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Landholdings in Uttar Pradesh State/Region1980-811990-911995-96 Eastern1.340.670.70 Western0.731.090.98 Central1.290.850.86 Bundelkhand2.121.711.42 Ghazipur0.880.780.77 Aligarh1.541.361.19 Sitapur1.010.820.86 Jalaun2.061.671.68 Uttar Pradesh1.110.900.86 Average size of landholdings in Uttar Pradesh

7. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Distribution of Landholdings in Uttar Pradesh

8. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Inequality in Land Distribution (Gini Ratio) Region/ Districts1980-811990-911995-96 Regions Eastern0.480.690.68 Western0.590.710.76 Central0.740.810.83 Bundelkhand0.530.930.63 Districts Ghazipur0.620.690.75 Aligarh0.500.720.75 Sitapur0.740.830.89 Jalaun0.530.560.57 Uttar Pradesh0.470.640.69

9. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Inequality in Land Distribution (Lorenz Curve)

10. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Percent of Households reporting leasing out and leasing in by category, 1992 CategoryUttar PradeshIndia Leasing outLeasing inLeasing outLeasing in Marginal5.624.74.931.5 Small7.916.07.310.9 Semi-Medium11.46.29.98.3 Medium11.55.68.36.5 Large8.515.27.33.9 All5.716.54.814.6

11. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Distribution of Leased in area by terms of Lease in Uttar Pradesh CategoryFixed Money Fixed Produce Share Produce Usufructuary Mortgage Others 1982 Marginal23.214.251.91.09.7 Small7.23.978.70.210.0 Semi-Medium16.03.473.10.96.6 Medium & Large8.210.170.00.411.3 1992 Marginal15.011.041.80.132.1 Small6.620.951.10.620.8 Semi-Medium8.313.243.80.034.6 Medium & Large1.913.736.90.047.4

12. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Lease Pattern and Operational Holdings in Uttar Pradesh CategoryNo. of Households Shift in household category after lease Average Owned Land (ha) Average Operational Holding (ha) All 4 Districts Landless 51 0 0.000.96 Marginal 1942040.430.58 Small 951251.271.31 Medium & Large 56673.20 Total396 0.971.17

13. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Land Lease-in Pattern in Selected Households DistrictsCategoryNo. of Lessee% of lessee GhazipurMarginal23100.0 (23/99)Small00.0 Semi Medium00.0 Medium00.0 AligarhMarginal2796.4 (28/99)Small13.6 Semi Medium00.0 Medium00.0 SitapurMarginal2083.3 (24/98)Small312.5 Semi Medium14.2 Medium00.0 JalaunMarginal2295.7 (23/100)Small14.3 Semi Medium00.0 Medium00.0 TotalMarginal9293.9 (98/396)Small55.1 Semi Medium11.0 Medium00.0

14. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow Conclusion and Suggestions  Active lease market has positive impact on improving the operational landholdings of landless, marginal and small households.  But due to lack of legislative support farmers are reluctant to participate in lease market and rather prefer to leave their land fallow instead of leasing it out.  Therefore, proper policy support for lease land may enhance the utilization pattern of agricultural land and better livelihood support to landless, marginal and small households.

15. Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow