1. Cell Structure and Organelles

2. Cell wall functions to protect and support cells
made of a rigid material called cellulose in plants
animal cells don’t have cell walls

3. Cell Membrane protects the cell
controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell (selectively permeable)
found in all cells

4. Cell Membrane cont.
The cell membrane is made of phospholipids that are constantly moving.
Small molecules (e.g. CO2, O2, H2O) can diffuse through the phospholipids unassisted.
Proteins are embedded in the membrane that act as channels to move larger molecules in and out.

5. Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane, but outside the nucleus.
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance made mostly of water that fills the cell.
Organelles are located in the cytoplasm.

6. Nucleus and Nucleolus Nucleus: control center of the cell
contains chromosomes (made of DNA)
Nucleolus:
a dense area (darker area) within the nucleus
ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus

7. Mitochondrion
tiny, oval-shaped organelle that provides cells with energy (ATP)
mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration
ATP is used by other organelles for energy for cell processes
____________ + _________+ ________  ________ + ____________

8. Ribosome
ribosomes are microscopic spheres attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytoplasm
ribosomes make proteins

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
a twisting network of canals
functions to transport materials throughout the cell
may have ribosomes attached to it (rough ER); smooth ER has no ribosomes attached

10. Golgi Apparatus flattened sacs that produce vesicles (transport sacs)
they function to modify and store cellular secretions
(e.g. proteins)

12. Lysosome saclike structure formed by the Golgi apparatus
contains enzymes that can break down large molecules or worn out cell parts

13. Vacuole fluid-filled space containing water, sugar, and proteins
helps with water regulation in plants

14. vacuoles can also store food or help some organisms move

15. Centriole small protein structures critical to cell division (paired)
not found in plant cells

16. Chloroplast found only in green plants and some protists
Contains the light sensitive protein pigment chlorophyll
CO2 + H2O + sunlight  sugar + O2

17. Chloroplast convert sunlight into food for the cell via photosynthesis
____________ + _________+ ________  ________ + ____________

18. Cilia and Flagella fine protein fibres used for locomotion
Cilia: short, may be numerous on cell surface
Flagella: long, usually few in number on cell surface

19. Cytoskeleton
protein fibres network that help anchor organelles in place and give structure to the cell

20. Plant Cell electron micrograph of a typical plant cell
What structures are found only in plant cells?
cell wall
large vacuole
chloroplast

21. Animal Cell electron micrograph of a typical animal cell
What structures are found only in animal cells?
cilia
flagella
centrioles

22. What structures are found in both plant and animal cells?
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus/nucleolus
mitochondrion
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosomes
golgi apparatus
cilia, flagella; centrioles