1. Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Chemical Pathways
Chapter 9-1

2. In the last chapter green plants used ________________ to
AUTOTROPHS
___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food
In the last chapter green plants
used ________________ to
trap energy from __________
and make ______________
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
sunlight
food (glucose)

3. In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______
is stored
as _______
in a
process
called
___________________
broken down
energy
ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
What kind of organisms do this?

4. What kind of organisms do this?
plants
fungi
animals
bacteria
________
(Including _______)
______
______
______
humans
ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY!

5. How do we get the sugar from the plants?
REMEMBER!
_______________ get
their energy by eating
other organisms.
HETEROTROPHS
We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly
or eating the _________ that ate
the plants.
eating plants
animals
 Image from:

6. REMEMBER….

7. CYTOPLASM Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane
Image from:
Area with gel-like material
inside cell membrane
surrounding mitochondria
= ______________________
Power plant of cell
that burns glucose
and stores the energy
as ATP
= _______________
CYTOPLASM
mitochondria

8. MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant
Surrounded by ___________ membrane
Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called _______________ )
Space between inner membrane & outer membrane
= ____________________
Space inside cristae folds
= _________________
CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria
DOUBLE
CRISTAE
INTERMEMBRANE SPACE
MATRIX

9. All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to
 Image from:
All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the _____________ to
charge up their _______
energy in food
ATP

10. energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________
This process of releasing the
energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________
ATP
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
 Image by Riedell Image from:

11. slowly in ________________. many steps
CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________
in ________________.
If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________!
slowly
many steps
light and heat

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION 6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2 C6H12O6
___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________
6 CO2
6 H2O
C6H12O6
6O2
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6
6 CO2
_____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________
______________________________________________________________
6O2
6 H2O
The two equations are exact opposites!

13. calorie Calorie 1000 UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY
UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY
Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius = _______________
Unit for measuring energy in food
= _______________
1 Calorie = _________ calories
calorie
Calorie
1000

14. The first step in cellular respiration = __________________
Glycolysis happens in
the ________________
outside the mitochondria
GLYCOLYSIS
CYTOPLASM
See glycolysis movie

15. Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ )
BUT it needs some ____________to get it started.
What molecule do you think is going to
supply the energy do this?
sweet
split apart
DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN
ENERGY
ATP

16. ____________________ + _______________
GLYCOLYSIS
________ ↓
___________ → → _____________
____________________ + _______________
GLUCOSE
2 PYRUVIC ACID
ATP ATP ATP ATP
NADH NADH
4 ATP’s
2 ATP’s
PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________
Net gain of ________ and __________
2 ATP’s NADH

17. PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP
IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________)
IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________)
= ANAEROBIC
= AEROBIC

18. PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN WITHOUT
2 kinds of fermentation
___________________ & _____________________
WITHOUT
ANAEROBIC
Alcoholic Lactic acid

19. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
CO2
NAD+
Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise
CO2 bubbles make _____________ in bread
Alcohol _______________
during cooking
air spaces
evaporates

20. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
PYRUVIC ACID
ALCOHOL
CO2
NAD+
Happens when
___________ make _______ or
____________ make ______
yeast
beer
bacteria
wine

21. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________
PYRUVIC ACID
LACTIC ACID
NAD+
muscles
Happens in _____________ during ____________when body
can’t get oxygen to tissues
fast enough.
Lactic acid builds up in
muscles causing soreness
exercise

22. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
_______ +_____ →______________ + ________
PYRUVIC ACID
LACTIC ACID
NAD+
Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like:
Yogurt, buttermilk,
sauerkraut, pickles, cheese
sour cream, & kimchi
food
beverages

23. WHY DO FERMENTATION? WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS?
WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full.
Eventually glycolysis will
builds up
NAD+
NAD+

24. → → FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________
PYRUVIC ACID
_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____
CO2
NAD+
ALCOHOL →
NAD+
LACTIC ACID
______ →
You get the NAD+ carriers back
FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________
needed to keep glycolysis going
REGENERATE the NAD+

25. Plants do ____________ but Flooded Corn Field photosynthesis
By:
plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die.
oxygen for cellular respiration

26. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration:
The students will be able to
describe the process of cellular respiration (9-12.L.1.1)
identify the components of glycolysis (9-12.L.1.1)
compare the processes of alcoholic and pyruvic acid fermentations (9-12.L.1.1)
analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Krebs Cycle (9-12.L.1.1)
explain the mitochondrial role in the ATP-ADP cycle (9-12.L.1.1)
Assess the role of enzymes in plant reactions (LAB)

27. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures,
functions, classifications, and mechanisms found
in living things
9-12.L Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.
Photosynthesis and respiration
ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymes Mitochondria Chloroplasts

28. Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the
ADVANCED level:
analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle;
predict the function of a given structure;
PROFICIENT level:
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes)
describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
describe the relationship between structure and function
BASIC level
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes)
name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
recognize that different structures perform different functions;

29. SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures,
functions, classifications, and mechanisms found
in living things.
9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS)
Examples: Krebs Cycle