1. 2.02 Structure and Function of Cells Cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things.

2. BACTERIA

3.  NO membrane-bound organelles  plasma membrane  cell wall  flagella  ribosomes

4. EUKARYOTIC CELLS

5. Organelles ANIMAL PLANT Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells small, specialized structures inside cells with specific functions

6. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL BOUNDARIES PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE flexible boundary separating the inside of the cell from the surrounding environment control what enters & leaves the cell helps maintainHOMEOSTASIS INSIDE OUTSIDE phospholipids proteins

7. CELL BOUNDARIES CELL WALL rigid structure found on the outside of the plasma membrane provides protection & additional support found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and some protists Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Plasma membrane Cell Wall cellulose

8. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Cytoplasm clear, gelatinous fluid that fills the inside of the cell most cellular processes occur in the cytoplasm maintains shape of cell organelles suspended in it

9. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus contains the DNA & controls what takes place inside of a cell surrounded by a membrane nuclear membrane also contains the nucleolus

10. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Nucleolus Nucleus Chromatin found inside the nucleus produces the ribosomes found inside the nucleus DNA, genetic information chromatinchromosome

11. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Ribosomes made of RNA synthesize (make) proteins attached to “rough” endoplasmic reticulum “free”, located in cytoplasm

12. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Endoplasmic reticulum rough smooth series of folded membranes, attached to nucleus; transport material throughout cell attached ribosomes make proteins shipped throughout cell no ribosomes produce & store lipids detoxify poisons

13. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Golgi apparatus (body) made of membranes – described as “stack of pancakes” packages, stores, & ships out materials such as proteins and lipids

14. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plasma membrane Proteins for use within the cell Proteins for use outside the cell Golgi apparatus Vesicles Protein secretion Figure 4.12 The Golgi Apparatus

15. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Vacuoles and Vesicles membrane-bound structures temporary storage of food, water, enzymes, & other materials that enter / leave cell Lysosomes membrane-bound vesicle contains digestive enzymes breaks down waste, food, old organelles

16. Golgi apparatus Primary lysosome Food particles digested Extracellular environment Plasma membrane Food particle taken in by phagocytosis Figure 4.13 Lysosomes Isolate Digestive Enzymes from the Cytoplasm Products of digestion

17. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL ENERGY Mitochondria breaks down sugar molecules to produce energy has 2 membranes outerinner has its own DNA cellular respiration

18. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL ENERGY Chloroplast captures light energy & converts it to chemical energy (sugar molecules) has 2 membranes has its own DNA photosynthesis outer inner they are green because the contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL

19. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells Cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and support help move structures around within the cell microfilaments microtubules thin fibers made of the protein actin long hollow cylinders made of the protein tubulin

20. Structure and Function of Eukaryotic Cells CELL MOVEMENT Flagella Cilia long, whip-like structure (“tail”) short, hair-like structures few in number (1 – 4) very numerous also used in feeding

21. ANIMAL CELL mitochondrion Golgi apparatus nucleolus nucleus cytoplasm ribosome plasma membrane smooth ER (no ribosomes) rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) lysosome 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. centrioles 12. vesicle 13. microtubule

22. PLANT CELL cell wall plasma membrane Golgi apparatus chloroplast central vacuole mitochondria cytoplasm rough ER nucleus nucleolus smooth ER ribosomes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

23. Structure and Function Nerve cells structure is well suited to carrying nerve impulses through the body.

24. Structure and Function Red blood cells smooth disk shape is well suited to traveling through blood vessels.

25. Structure and Function Muscle cells need a great deal of energy, so they have many mitochondria located in them.