1. PLATE TECTONICS LIZ LAROSA FOR USE WITH MY 5 TH GRADE SCIENCE CLASS HTTP://WWW.MIDDLESCHOOLSCIENCE.COM 2009 HTTP://WWW.MIDDLESCHOOLSCIENCE.COM

2. EARTH’S LAYERS The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle.

3. THE CRUST Outermost layer 5 – 100 km thick Made of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum

4. THE MANTLE Layer of Earth between the crust and the core Contains most of the Earth’s mass Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust Is denser than the crust

5. THE CORE Below the mantle and to the center of the Earth Believed to be mostly Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium

6. TECTONIC PLATES

7. PLATE TECTONICS Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder Pieces of the lithosphere that move around Each plate has a name Fit together like jigsaw puzzles Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes in a bowl of water

8. CONTINENTAL DRIFT http://members.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml Alfred Wegener 1900’s Continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart. Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents Called this supercontinent Pangaea, Greek for “all Earth” 245 Million years ago Split again – Laurasia & Gondwana 180 million years ago

9. EVIDENCE OF PANGEA

10. SEA FLOOR SPREADING

11. Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain chains that run through the Earth’s Basins Magma rises to the surface and solidifies and new crust forms Older Crust is pushed farther away from the ridge

12. HOW PLATES MOVE http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html

13. DIFFERENT TYPES OF BOUNDARIES http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

14. DIVERGENT BOUNDARY – ARABIAN AND AFRICAN PLATES

15. DIVERGENT BOUNDARY – ICELAND http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

16. DIVERGENT BOUNDARY - OCEANIC http://www.geology.com

17. DIVERGENT BOUNDARY - CONTINENTAL http://www.geology.com

18. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY – INDIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES

19. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY – OCEANIC & CONTINENTAL http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.htmlhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

20. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY – OCEANIC & OCEANIC http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.htmlhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

21. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES - CONTINENTAL http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

22. TRANSFORM BOUNDARY – SAN ANDREAS FAULT www.geology.com

23. REVIEW Name the 3 main layers of the Earth What is a tectonic plate? What was Pangea? What is Sea-Floor spreading? Name the three different types of plate boundaries and one location on Earth for each one

24. REVIEW Name the 3 main layers of the Earth Crust Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mantle Upper mantle (asthenosphere) Lower mantle Core Outer core Inner core

25. REVIEW What is a tectonic plate? Part of Earth's crust where the continents and oceans sit upon solid igneous rock

26. REVIEW What was Pangea? “All Earth” The large landmass where all the continents had come together about 245 million years ago

27. REVIEW What is Sea-Floor spreading? the place in the oceanic crust where the sea floor is being pushed apart by lava flowing up from the mantle

28. REVIEW Name the three different types of plate boundaries and one location on Earth for each one. Convergent boundary – Eurasian and Indian plates Divergent boundary – Arabian and African plates and Iceland Transform boundary - San Andreas Fault in California