1. The Lithosphere Ms. Woodard

2. Day 1 Objective: Objective: – I can explain how the Earth is structured – I can explain how the material of earth is changed

3. Layers of the Earth Defined by composition 3 Major Zones – ___________

4. The Crust Thin, rocky outer layer Either ________ or ________________ – Oceanic is 7-km thick – Continental is 8-75 km thick

5. The Mantle 82% of Earth’s volume 2890-km thick _________________ _________________ _______ _________________ _________________

6. The Core Composed of an _______________ Extreme ________ found at the ______

7. Layers Based on Physical Properties ______________ – Crust and upper-most mantle – ________________ – 100-km thick _______________ – Below the Lithosphere – Soft, comparatively weak layer – ___________________

8. Outer Core – ___________ – 2260-km thick – ___________ flow creates Earth’s magnetic field Inner Core – _____________ – Radius of 1220-km – High ____________ – Mostly __________

9. What is a ROCK? Solid mass of ________ or mineral matter that naturally occurs as part of our planet Three types – _______________

10. Types of Rocks ________________ – Forms when lava or magma cools ________________ – When existing rocks are broken down into pieces then compacted and cemented together ________________ – When existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure

11. What is the ROCK CYCLE? Origin of the three basic rocks and interrelatedness of Earth’s materials and processes

12. Rock Cycle

13. DAY 2 Objective: Objective: – I can explain about the theory of plate tectonics – I can describe plate interactions

14. What is Continental Drift? Proposed by_______ ___________ Stated that the continents had once been joined to form a _________________ Supercontinent was called __________

15. What did the Theory Say? Occurred ________ years ago Pangaea broke apart ___________ years ago Continents “_______” (moved) to present positions Continents “_______” through the oceans North America and Africa split __________years ago

16. Evidence of Continental Drift __________ look like they fit together Same fossil organisms found on __________ _____________ Several __________ end at one coastline, only to reappear on a land mass across the ocean Ancient Climates relate

17. The Theory of Plate Tectonics Earth’s outer shell consists of ________ ______ Plates interact in various ways when they move

18. Plate Boundary Activities _____________

19. Earth’s Major Plates Top 7 – African – Antarctic – Eurasian – Australian-Indian – North American – Pacific – Southern American Other Plates – Arabian – Caribbean – Cocos – Nazca – Phillippine – Scotia

21. DAY 3 Objective Objective – I can explain how the plates interact with each other

22. Types of Plate Boundaries ________ Boundary ______________ Boundary

23. Divergent Plate Boundary When two plates _____ _________ Also called spreading centers New crust is created (mainly seafloor) – Known as ______ _______ __________ Causes ___________ and __________ (on continents)

24. Convergent Plate Boundary Two places move towards each other 3 versions – __________________

25. Oceanic-Continental Convergent Boundary ____________goes beneath the ________________ Causes – __________ zones – Trenches – Continental Volcanic arcs (ex: The Andes)

26. Vocabulary ____________ – sites of high rates of volcanism, earthquakes, and mountain building ____________- chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc shape

27. Continental-Continental Convergent Boundary Two plates ___________ plates collide Causes Mountains to forms – Ex: Appalachians, Himalayas, Alps

28. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Boundary One _________ plate goes beneath another _________ plate Causes Volcanic Island Arc – Ex: Aleutian Islands

29. Transform Fault Plate Boundary Two plates _____ past each other No __________ or _____________of lithosphere Causes Earthquakes – Ex: San Francisco

30. DAY 4 Objective: Objective: – I can explain how faults differ – I can explain the relation between boundaries and plate tectonics

31. What Causes Plate Movement? _______________ – The circulation of magma that pushes & pulls plates Driving Force is _________

32. What is a Fault? ________ in Earth where movement has taken place Most times near Plate Boundaries

33. Parts of a Fault _____________ – Rock above the fault line ____________ – Rock below the fault line

34. What are the types of Faults? ________

35. Types of Faults _____________ – Occurs when the hanging wall block moves down relative to the footwall block _______________ – Occurs when the hanging wall block moves up relative to the footwall block

36. ______________ – A reverse fault with dips of less than 45 degrees ________________ – Movement is horizontal and parallel trend of the fault surface

37. Evidence of Plate Tectonics 1.______________ – Most persuasive evidence – Ancient magnetism found in the rocks – Records show a shift in the poles

38. 2._________________ – Connection between deep-focus earthquakes and ocean trenches 3._______________ – Young rocks are near ocean ridge crest – Oldest rocks are near the continental margins

39. 4.________________ – A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma, which rises to Earth’s surface – Supports that the plates move over Earth’s surface – Ex: Hawaiian Island Chain