1. RAP: All are from Alternative Energy
________ Energy from the sun
_______Energy from falling water
_______ organic matter, such as plants, wood, and waste that contains stored energy. _____heat from inside the Earth
_____type of resource minerals and metals are
3. _____cutting down all of the trees in an area
4._____crops that replenish the nutrients in the soil
5. ___what does the anchoring of plant roots prevent

2. Layers of the Earth part 1 (composition)

3. Key Questions What are the layers of the Earth? What is the crust?
What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Crust?
What is the composition of the Earth’s Crust?
What is the mantle?
What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Mantle?
What is the composition of the Earth’s Mantle?
What is the core?

4. 1. What are the layers of the Earth?
Crust
Mantle
Core

5. 2. What is the crust? Thinnest layer Outermost layer Made of rock
Covered by water, soil, life
Made of oxygen, aluminum, silicon, iron, and magnesium
2 types continental and oceanic

6. 3. What are the characteristics of the Earth’s Crust?
Crust floats on the mantle.
Two layers – Top layer of granite and a more dense bottom layer of basalt. Both layers are found under continents, only the basalt layer is under the oceans.
Temperatures increase with depth: 20° C at top and 870° C at bottom.
Thickness: 5 to 100 kilometers thick
Continental Crust: ~ 30 km
Oceanic Crust: ~ 5 km

7. 4. What is the composition of the crust?
Oxygen: ~ 50%
Silicon: ~ 30%
Aluminum: ~ 10%

8. 5. What is the mantle? thickest part of the Earth
Made of iron, oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and magnesium

9. 6. What are the characteristics of the mantle?
Temperatures: Top of mantle is ~ 870° C and bottom is ~ 2,200° C.
Rock begins to flow like very thick syrup as temperature increases.
Thickness: ~ 2,900 km
Upper and Lower Mantle – they differ in temperature, density, and pressure. These increase as depth increases.

10. 7. What is the composition of the mantle?
Silicon, Oxygen, Iron, and Magnesium
The deeper the rocks are in the mantle, the more iron they hold.

11. 8. What is the core?
Innermost layer of the Earth.
Made of iron and nickel
Two layers – Outer Core and Inner Core