1. Health and Environment

2. What is the relationship between health and environment and what does it have to do with Women Studies? Breast cancer 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer “We are a generation who was born and came of adult age during the most toxic and environmentally unregulated decade ever known. Whose baby food was contaminated with traces of DDT, PCBs. DES. Our neighborhoods were sprayed with pesticides and filled with toxic waste.”

3. Rachel Carson Relationship between health environment and Women Studies

4. Vandiva Shiva work on water rights and globalization West Harlem women fighting incinerators in neighborhoods Relationship between health environment and Women Studies

5. Four theories & activist perspectives Environmentalism Deep Ecology and Bioregionalism Ecofeminism Environmental Justice

6. Environmentalism Change through education and legislation public education campaigns like recycling environmental laws for clean air & clean water

7. Deep Ecology and Bioregionalism Deep Ecology: “direct action”; inverse of Enlightenment concept of “nature” as at the disposal of human beings and inherently in need of taming Bioregionalism: need to emphasize and local economies and resources; critical of good nature/bad human dichotomy

8. Ecofeminism man: culture :: woman: nature Grew out of 2 nd wave feminist movement Assumption that women are closer to nature

9. Environmental Justice Focus on the “social” race, gender, class matter Environmental Racism key concept: disproportionate number of toxic pollutants, incinerators, fertilizers, pesticides, and exposure to hazardous materials in living and work places for people of color.

10. Selected examples of environmental racism In Houston six of the 8 municipal incinerators and all 5 of the municipal landfills are located in predominantly African American neighborhoods Pesticide exposure among predominantly Hispanic farm workers causes more than 300,000 pesticide-related illnesses each year. Navajo Indians were the primary workforce for the mining of uranium ore, they have alarmingly high lung cancer mortality rates Puerto Rico is one of the most heavily polluted regions of the world. For example its underground aquifers have been contaminated by massive discharges from pharmaceutical companies.

11. 6 US cities that Lead the Hazardous Waste List City# of sites% Afr.Amer. Memphis, TN17343.3 St. Louis, MO16027.5 Houston, TX15223.6 Cleveland, OH10623.7 Chicago, IL10337.2 Atlanta, GA 9446.1

12. “Principles of Environmental Justice” 17 principles that cover basic philosophical beliefs to methods for making change through education, legislation, consumer habits

13. What contributes to a “consumer society”? Name brands Packaged and processed foods The rise of cars of a symbol of upward mobility Birth of mass marketing

14. Durning’s conclusions What are some of your thoughts about this thesis? Do you think people are consumer- driven and if so, are there negative outcomes of that for people?

15. “World Consumer Classes” Move from consuming meat, packaged foods and soft drinks to grains and clean water Move from using private cars to public transportation and bikes Move from consuming throw-away items to durable items

16. critiques it as being socially and politically underdeveloped Durning makes little distinction between wealth distribution among different classes in the US Durning’s suggestion that for example people should ride their bike instead of driving their car to work or school is fine but does little to challenge build solidarity across class differences or build insight to social justice. In fact, it can do the opposite in that people who choose to “simplify” their existences can end up feeling superior to those who do not.

17. “ecological footprint” It assumes that every human being has a claim on nature’s productivity and utility (no one or group of people are more entitled than anyone else) It promotes urban and regional planning strategies that reduce urban lifestyle’s disproportional use of land It calls for massive reform of industrial society to free up ecological space needed by the poor to raise their standard of living

18. How and why environmental issues are part of feminist agendas?: the burden of degraded environment in terms of pollution, lack of clean water, deforestation, toxic wastes more often than not falls to women as a result of the gender division of labor Collect wood to burn for cooking, Find clean water sources, Nurse ill children, Work in off-shore production with few if any safe guards

19. feminism is for everyone We all have an absolute stake in the wellness of our environment, the equitable access to clean air, water, and land.