1. What is an interface? How many different types of interfaces can you think of?

2. Command line alvarado@turing [5:46pm] ~/courses 3 > mkdir cs121 alvarado@turing [5:46pm] ~/courses 4 > echo "CS121 is fun!" CS121 is fun! alvarado@turing [5:46pm] ~/courses 5 > cat "CS121 is fun" cat: cannot open CS121 is fun alvarado@turing [5:46pm] ~/courses 6 > man cat alvarado@turing [5:47pm] ~/courses 7 > echo "CS121 is fun!" > fun.txt alvarado@turing [5:48pm] ~/courses 8 > cat fun.txt CS121 is fun!

3. Pointing Devices

4. Desktop GUIS and applications

5. Web Applications

6. 3D Desktops

7. Mobile Devices

8. Pen-based Interaction

9. Haptic Interfaces http://www.sensable.com/products-haptic-devices.htm

10. Interactive Workspaces

11. Display Walls

12. Tabletop interaction

13. Tangible Computing DataTiles http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/rekimoto/datatile/http://tangible.media.mit.edu/index.php Tangible Media Group MIT Media Lab

14. Wearable Computers

15. Ambient Information

16. Voice and Multimodal Interaction

17. Embodied Interaction

18. Virtual Reality

19. Sensing Affect Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) rings and bracelet

20. What do they all have in common? They all require careful interface design and evaluation Norman's design principles

21. The Design of Everyday Things That looks dangerous…

22. Design principles Generalizable abstractions for thinking about different aspects of design The do’s and don’ts of interaction design What to provide and what not to provide at the interface Derived from a mix of theory-based knowledge, experience and common- sense

23. Conceptual Models People always apply mental models of how things should work: –How do you drive a car? –How does an ATM work? A good design attempts to match the user’s conceptual model of how things should work Of course, design also influences the user’s conceptual model

24. Conceptual Models Images from The Design of Everyday Things

25. Conveying a Conceptual Model: Norman's Design Principles Visibility Mapping Feedback Affordances http://kwc.org/blog/archives/2005/2005-05-15.affordances_of_a_sevenfoot_egg.html "What are the affordances of a 7-foot egg?"

26. Visibility Water control for a shower How does it work? From: www.baddesigns.com "I used to have that awful shower controller where you pull down on the nozzle to turn it on. I had to tell every guest how to do it, and when we sold our house, we got a call from the new owners about 5 days later asking how to turn on the shower. They had been taking baths for 5 days! Unbelievable." - BL

27. Feedback Sending information back to the user about what has been done Includes sound, highlighting, animation and combinations of these –e.g. when screen button clicked on provides sound or red highlight feedback: “ccclichhk”

28. Mapping Relationship between controls and their movements and the results in the world Example: Balance and Fade in a car stereo

29. More on Mapping Which controls go with which rings (burners)? ABCD

30. Why is this a better design?

31. Consistency Design interfaces to have similar operations and use similar elements for similar tasks For example: –always use ctrl key plus first initial of the command for an operation – ctrl+C, ctrl+S, ctrl+O Main benefit is consistent interfaces are easier to learn and use

32. When consistency breaks down E.g., more than one command starting with the same letter –e.g. save, spelling, select, style What to do? Problems with this solution?

33. Internal and external consistency Internal consistency –Behavior within an application –Difficult to achieve with complex interfaces External consistency –Behaviour across applications –Somewhat rare, but can you think of examples?

34. Keypad numbers layout A case of external inconsistency 12 3 456 7 89 7 89 12 3 456 0 0 (a) phones, remote controls(b) calculators, computer keypads

35. Affordances: to give a clue Affordances: The perceived and actual properties of an object that signal how the object can be used (from The Design of Everyday Things)

36. Physical Affordances

37. What do the Zune wheel and the door handle have in common?

38. Virtual Affordances Click Me

39. "Quiz" Name(s): Note the perceived affordances in this interface. Are there any that are missing? Misleading?

40. What are the affordances… "What are the affordances of a 7-foot egg?"

41. Cell phone design analysis