1. Technical Workshop on LULUCF reporting issues under the Kyoto Protocol Varese, 13 Nov 2008 Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System Annette Freibauer Karsten Dunger WG Emission Inventories

2. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Contents Who is who: responsibilities and institutional arrangements National emissions / removals from AFOLU Land use area representation Forest definition Art. 3.3 Art. 3.4 Forest management –F Data: FI, intermediate representative national subsample –LUC etc data –Land categorization –Geographical identification of units of land –Choice of method: emission / removal factors –Improvements planned [Methods for LUC, CM and GM]

3. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Responsibilities and institutional arrangements Reporting by Federal Environmental Agency (UBA) (Anke Benndorf) AFOLU calculation, QA/QC, report text by Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV) through vTI: Johann Heinrich von Thunen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries (vTI) –Coordination by vTI Institute of Agricultural Climate Research, Working Group on Emission Inventories (Annette Freibauer) –Contributions from various vTI institutes & others

4. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Responsibilities and institutional arrangements UBA: NAtional System for Emission reporting (NASE) vTI-AK: Calculation Archiving German Statistical Office: Activity data KTBL: Agri process data, Expert knowledge, Emission factors vTI-AK, WG Emission Inventories: coordination, QA/QC Agriculture vTI-AK: Calculation Archiving LULUC BGR/AdV ATKIS (GIS land use data) vTI-WOI: Calculation Archiving Projections Forestry vTI-WFW: ARD, Uncertainties vTI-LR, KTBL: Projections, mitigation costs vTI-HTB: Wood products vTI-OEF: Economic studies

5. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Do land-use emissions matter? First high-resolution German inventory vTI-AK, AG-EI: NIR 2009 % of German emissions -8%+3.1%+1.4%+0.3%

6. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Basic decisions Forest definition Stocking level/tree crown cover: at least 10 % Minimum area: 0.1 ha Potential minimum height of trees: 5 metres close to NFI def., consistency with reporting to FAO Reporting method: method 1 Monitoring at federal level Accounting (Article 3.3 + 3.4): at the end 1. CP in order to provide a conservative estimate based on inventory data (recalculation).

7. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 NFI - Definition Forest within the meaning of the NFI is –any area of ground covered by forest vegetation. –the term forest also refers to cutover or thinned areas, forest tracks, firebreaks, openings and clearings, … further areas linked to and serving the forest including overgrown heaths and moorland, overgrown former pastures

8. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 crown cover threshold (50%) only for overgrown heaths, moorland, pastures, alpine pastures and rough pastures impact negligible Min. height of 5 m Only 3 species in the German NFI species list, which (under some circumstances) do not reach 5 m Alnus viridis (green alder) Pinus mugo (dwarf mountain pine) Ilex aquifolium (Holly) area is lower than 0,01 % of the forest area (within error estimation). Differences to NFI definition (source of data)

9. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Definition: forest management Forest management is the formal or informal process of planning and implementing practices aimed at fulfilling relevant environmental, economic, social, and cultural functions of the forest. A Managed forest is a forest subject to forest management. All German Forests are managed.

10. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 ARD Afforestation data: –Old Länder back to 1987 (direct difference in FIs) –New Länder back to 1993 (aggregated) Net annual change in forest area is +0.1% of existing national forest area. ARD is significant extra effort for almost no change in area and C stocks!

11. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Data sources and schedule ABNFI1DFRNFI 2(SS08)NFI3 BBNFI1DFRNFI 2(SS08)NFI3 DWNFI 2(SS08)NFI3 LI……NFSI1…NFSI2 SOM……NFSI1…NFSI2 Year1987199019921993200220082012 ExtrapolationInterpolation Extrapolation/Recalculation+Interpolation Interpolation Extrapolation/Recalculation+Interpolation InterpolationExtrapolation Interpolation Rev. Extrapol.

12. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Status quo Operational reporting: –Forest & ARD Areas C stock changes in above-ground and below-ground biomass Projects for improvement: –Inventory study 2008 (to 2009): subsample for FI biomass –Study on emissions from forest fire –Study on biomass functions and uncertainties –Documentation and QA/QC

13. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Future Additional C pools and GHG emissions / removals: –Dead wood: after 2009 (from Inventory Study 08) –Soil organic C: after 2010 (after soil inventory BZE II) –Forest fires: after 2009 (project until 3/2009) –(Litter): after 2010 (after soil inventory BZE II) Further improvement planned: –Error propagation and improved uncertainty assessment –Organic soils (measurements & activity data) –Consistency in land use matrix between forest inventory and GIS approach for non-forest land –Projections (project from 2009 onwards)

14. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Land use area representation Forest: forest inventory (4 x 4 km grid) GIS data base ATKIS –Difference in real situation and update max. 5 years (fastest for infrastructure = main LUC driver) Improvement in accuracy, management data and timeliness of LUC reporting by InVeKoS, but No national data access yet (in negotiation) Availability in longer term?

15. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Land use (main categories acc. To ATKIS®) and soil type associations (LBA, BÜK 1000) in district Osterholz-Scharmbeck by intersection of BÜK 1000 and summarized ATKIS - data Wetlands LBA 3 LBA 4 LBA 5 LBA 6 LBA 7 LBA 11 LBA 17 LBA 22 LBA 28 LBA 31 LBA 33 LBA 70 Other Land LBA 3 LBA 4 LBA 5 LBA 6 LBA 7 LBA 11 LBA 17 LBA 22 LBA 28 LBA 31 LBA 33 LBA 70 Grasland LBA 3 LBA 4 LBA 5 LBA 6 LBA 7 LBA 11 LBA 17 LBA 22 LBA 28 LBA 31 LBA 33 LBA 70 Forestland LBA 3 LBA 4 LBA 5 LBA 6 LBA 7 LBA 11 LBA 17 LBA 22 LBA 28 LBA 33 LBA 70 Cropland LBA 3 LBA 4 LBA 5 LBA 6 LBA 7 LBA 11 LBA 17 LBA 22 LBA 28 LBA 31 LBA 33 LBA 70 Settlements Land use change 2005 – 2007 (NIR 2009)

16. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Total land use change to … (NIR 2009) crop forl gras othl sett wetl Forestland crop forl gras othl sett wetl Settlements crop forl gras sett wetl Other land crop forl gras othl sett wetl Grassland crop forl gras othl sett wetl Cropland crop forl gras sett Wetlands

17. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 sett crop forl othl grass (wet) to sett crop forl othl grass (dry) to Land use change from grassland to … (NIR 2009)

18. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 In progress… vTI-AK Feasibility study for first national soil inventory outside forests If yes: start 2010/2011

19. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 About to start … Research project on national emissions from managed organic soils –Measurements in 60 sites with land-use and management intensity gradients –Detailed activity data –Driver analysis –Model development Deutschland vTI-AK, AG-EI: NIR 2009

20. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Summary AFOLU methods in Germany Agriculture (CH 4, N 2 O): detailed N (and C) matter flow models district-wise, by animal type, (feeding strategies), housing type, manure storage type Forestry (= Art. 3.4 FM + ARD): gridded sampling by biomass and soil inventories with partial and full repetitions and time interpolations Other land use: annual wall-to-wall GIS land use data with static national EF estimates for SOC changes by soil type and district-wise yield-dependent changes in biomass (also non-woody)

21. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 GHG emissions / removals from AFOLU, Germany 2007 vTI-AK, AG-EI: NIR 2009 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 CroplandGrasslandForestN-Fertilizer Animal husbandry Tg C-Equivalents in 2007 2 2 O 4 Sum in C-Equ. -9.2 Tg als CO +11.3 Tg als N +6.3 Tg als CH +8.3 Tg C-Equ. Fraction of total German net GHG emissions / removals 3.1 %1.4 %-8.0 % 3.9 % 2.7 % Source Sink

22. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 vTI institutes Adapted from NIR 2006

23. Annette Freibauer: Germany´s KP Estimation and Reporting System. Varese 13-11-08 Forest definition for Federal Forest Inventory Productive forest Unproductive forest Openings NOT: non-wooded ground (roads…) Adapted from NIR 2006